Week 5 - Cardiovascular Disease Flashcards
What is the cause of Congestive Heart Failure?
- Hypertension
- CAD
- MI
Define heart failure
The inability of the heart to pump blood systemically
Insufficient cardiac output
How are cholesterol and triglycerides (lipids) transported?
In the plasma as lipoproteins
What are cardiac dysrhythmias?
- Alterations in heart rate
- Missing or ectopic beats
- Uncoordinated contractions
What are the mechanisms of cardiac dysrhythmias?
- Delayed afterhyperpolarisations
- Re-entry
- Abnormal pacemaker activity
- Conduction disturbances
What are the effects and causes of delayed afterhyperpolarisations?
o Trigger ectopic beats
o Due to increased Ca
What are the causes of Re-entry?
o conducted impulse does not die out but re-excites adjacent cells
What are the causes of Abnormal pacemaker activity?
o due to ischemic damage
o by circulating catecholamines
What are the causes of Conduction disturbances?
o due to damaged tissue
What are the cause and effects of Angina?
- severe substernal pain caused by decreased oxygen supply by coronary vessels
- due to artherosclerosis
- increased myocardial oxygen demand
What are the 3 targets of clot treatment? and examples of drugs?
coagulation cascade/thrmobosis -heparin andwarfarin Antiplatelet drugs -aspirin and clopidogrel Fibrionlytics (bust that clot) -streptokinase
What are the main Angina drug therapy classes? giving examples.
Organic nitrates -GTN Calcium channel antagonists -verapamil Beta-adrenergic antagonists -atenolol Coagulation and platelet aggregation inhibitors -aspirin
What are the actions and effects of Organic nitrates?
- vasodilate coronary arteries
- inhibit platelet aggregation
- reduce preload and afterload
What are the actions and effects of Calcium channel antagonists?
- vasodilate coronary arteries
- inhibit platelet aggregation
- reduce afterload
- decrease heart rate and contractility
What are the actions and effects of Beta-adrenergic antagonists?
- decrease cardiac workload and CO by decreasing – HR, contractility, afterload
- which decreases O2 consumption
