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GINME > Week 4: Glycolysis and pyruvate > Flashcards

Week 4: Glycolysis and pyruvate Flashcards

1
Q

glucose

A

Glucose + ATP -hexokinase(same in RBCs)-> glucose-6-phosphate

trapping glucose in the cell

^[glucose-6-phosphate] -| hexokinase

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2
Q

Glucose-6-phosphate to

A

Glucose-6-phosphate <-phosphoglucoisomerase-> fructose-6-phosphate (ketose)

reversible reaction

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3
Q

fructose-6-phosphate AKA

A

Ketose

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4
Q

fructose-6-phosphate

A

fructose-6-phosphate + ATP -PFK-1-> fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate

PFK-1 activity is regulated by [ATP]

^[ATP] inhibits PFK-1

^[AMP] activates PFK-1

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5
Q

hexokinase is regulated by?

A

^[glucose-6-phosphate] inhibit

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6
Q

Glycolysis order of substrates

A
  • Glucose
  • glucose-6-phosphate
  • fructose-6-phosphate
  • fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate
  • dihydroxyacetonephosphate (DHAP) +glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
  • 2x glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

(the following reactions occur once per G-3-P) so x2

  • 1, 3-bisphosphoglycerate
  • 3-phosphoglycerate
  • 2-phosphoglycerate
  • Phosphoenolpyruvate
  • pyruvate
  • Net 2 ATP
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7
Q

Glycolysis step 1 reaction

A

Glucose +ATP -hexokinase-> glucose-6-phosphate +ADP

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8
Q

Glycolysis step 1 products

A

glucose-6-phosphate + ADP

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9
Q

Glycolysis step 1 enzyme

A

hexokinase

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10
Q

Glycolysis step 1 reactants

A

glucose + ATP

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11
Q

Glycolysis step 2 reaction

A

Glucose-6-phosphate <-phosphoglucoisomerase-> fructose-6-phosphate

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12
Q

Glycolysis step 2 reversibility

A

Reversible

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13
Q

Glycolysis step 1 reversibility

A

Irreversible

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14
Q

Glycolysis step 2 reactants

A

glucose-6-phosphate

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15
Q

Glycolysis step 2 enzymes

A

phosphoglucoisomerase

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16
Q

Glycolysis step 2 products

A

fructose-6-phosphate

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17
Q

Glycolysis step 3 reaction

A

Fructose-6-phosphate + ATP -phosphofructokinase-1-> fructose-1, 6-bisphophate + ADP

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18
Q

Glycolysis step 1 regulation

A

high [glucose-6-phosphate] inhibits hexokinase

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19
Q

Glycolysis step 2 regulation

A

concentration driven

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20
Q

Glycolysis step 3 regulation

A

High [ATP] inhibits PFK-1

High [AMP] activates PFK-1

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21
Q

Glycolysis step 3 enzymes

A

phosphofructokinase-1

or

PFK-1

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22
Q

Glycolysis step 3 reactants

A

fructose-6-phosphate + ATP

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23
Q

Glycolysis step 3 products

A

fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate + ADP

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24
Q

Glycolysis step 3 reversibility

A

Irreversible

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25
Q

Glycolysis step 4 reaction

A

fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate -aldolase-> dihydroxyacetonephosphate (DHAP) + glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)

dihydroxyacetonephosphate (DHAP) -triose isomerase-> glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)

= 2x glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)

26
Q

Glycolysis step 4 reactants

A

fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate

27
Q

Glycolysis step 4 enzymes

A

Aldolase

Triose isomerase

28
Q

Glycolysis step 4 products

A

dihydroxyacetonephosphate (DHAP) + glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)

-triose isomerase-> 2x G3P

29
Q

Glycolysis step 4 regulation

30
Q

Glycolysis step 4 reversibility

A

doesn’t seem reversible

31
Q

Glycolysis step 5 reaction

A

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + Pi + NAD+ -G-3-P Dehydrogenase-> 1, 3-bisphosphoglycerate

*(this happens 2x, once for each G3P)*

*In RBC in high altitude* 1, 3-bisphosphoglycerate -bisphosphoglycerate isomerase-> 2, 3-bisphosphoglycerate (2, 3-BPG)

32
Q

Glycolysis step 5 reactants

A

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + Pi + NAD+

33
Q

Glycolysis step 5 enzymes

A
  • G-3-P Dehydrogenase
  • *In RBC in high altitude* bisphosphoglycerate isomerase
34
Q

Glycolysis step 5 products

A
  • 1, 3-bisphosphoglycerate *happens 2x*
  • *In RBC in high altitude* 2, 3-bisphosphoglycerate (2, 3-BPG)
35
Q

Glycolysis step 5 reversibility

A

Doesn’t seem reversible

36
Q

Glycolysis step 5 regulation

A

probably product driven

37
Q

Glycolysis step 6 Reaction

A

1, 3-bisphosphoglycerate + ADP -phosphoglycerate kinase-> 3-phosphoglycerate + ATP

*ATP generating step*

*Happens 2x overall*

38
Q

Glycolysis step 6 reactants

A

1, 3-bisphosphoglycerate + ADP

39
Q

Glycolysis step 6 enzymes

A

phosphoglycerate kinase

40
Q

Glycolysis step 6 products

A

3-phosphoglycerate + ATP

41
Q

Glycolysis step 6 regulation

A

probably product driven maybe ATP???

42
Q

Glycolysis step 6 reversibility

A

creates ATP so probably not reversible

43
Q

Glycolysis step 7 Reaction

A

3-phosphoglycerate -phosphoglycerate mutase-> 2-phosphoglycerate

44
Q

Glycolysis step 7 reactants

A

3-phosphoglycerate

45
Q

Glycolysis step 7 enzymes

A

phosphoglycerate mutase

46
Q

Glycolysis step 7 products

A

2-phosphoglycerate

47
Q

Glycolysis step 7 regulation

A

maybe product driven?

48
Q

Glycolysis step 7 reversibility

A

seems reversible?

49
Q

Glycolysis step 8 Reaction

A

2-phosphoglycerate -enolase-> phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) + H2O

Basically charges the phosphate group by removing H2O

50
Q

Glycolysis step 8 reactants

A

2-phosphoglycerate

51
Q

Glycolysis step 8 enzymes

52
Q

Glycolysis step 8 products

A

phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) + H2O

53
Q

Glycolysis step 8 regulation

54
Q

Glycolysis step 8 reversibility

A

just a dehydration reaction so probably reversible

55
Q

Glycolysis step 9 Reaction

A

phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) + ADP -pyruvate kinase-> pyruvate + ATP

56
Q

Glycolysis step 9 reactants

A

phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) + ADP

57
Q

Glycolysis step 9 enzymes

A

pyruvate kinase

58
Q

Glycolysis step 9 products

A

pyruvate + ATP

59
Q

Glycolysis step 9 regulation

60
Q

Glycolysis step 9 reversibility

A

probably not because it generates ATP

61
Q

Pyruvate Fate

A

can be processed into acetyl CoA and entered into the TCA cycle

or

in an anaerobic state or all the time in RBCs

pyruvate + NADH -> lactate dehydrogenase-> lactate + NAD+

*to regenerate NAD+ from NADH otherwise glycolysis would be halted from lack of NAD+*

62
Q

Lactate fate

A

to blood and is a very important substrate for gluconeogenesis in the liver

GINME (63 decks)

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