Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GINME > Week 1: Liver and Lymphatic drainage > Flashcards

Week 1: Liver and Lymphatic drainage Flashcards

1
Q

Direction of flow of lymphatics in the abdomen

A

lymphatic drainage follows the reverse path of the arteries as lymph flows from the regional nodes associated with the viscera to lymph nodes located on the abdominal aorta

lymph flows from the pre-aortic nodes to the cisterna chyli, the dilated proximal end of the thoracic duct to eventually enter the venous circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Naming of lymph nodes

A

These pre-aortic lymph nodes are named according to their associated artery

celiac nodes (foregut)

SMA nodes (midgut)

IMA nodes (hindgut)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Identify

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Innervation of the abdominal viscera

A

innervation of the abdominal viscera has a similar pattern to the arterial supply but in addition, the enteric nervous system provides an “intrinsic” network of ganglia with connections to the autonomic nervous system which coordinates peristalsis (movement) and secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Location of the enteric ganglia and nerve plexus

A

are the myenteric plexus and the submucosal plexus within the layers of the bowel wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe autonomic innervation of the gut

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe innervation of the forgut

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe innervation of the midgut and hindgut

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Summary of the neurovascular supply of the gut

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the largest solid organ in the body?

A

The liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Anatomical divisions of the liver

A

right and left lobes

two smaller lobes (caudate and quadrate) are considered part of the left lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Liver receives venous drainage from?

A

the GI tract, accessory organs of the GI tract and the spleen via the portal vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Liver storage

A

glycogen

fat

protein

vitamins

and iron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Liver produces and functions

A

fuels

plasma proteins

metabolizes toxins modifies hormones

produces bile acids

excretes substances (bilirubin) in bile via exocrine secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Liver vascular supply

A

supplied with oxygenated blood by the proper hepatic artery which is a branch of the common hepatic from the celiac trunk which runs within the hepatoduodenal ligament along with the portal vein and common bile duct anterior to the epiploic foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe the blood supply to the liver

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Identify

A
18
Q

Describe blood flow in the liver

A

blood enters the liver through the proper hepatic artery (30%) and portal vein (70%) and leaves via the hepatic veins which drain into the IVC before it enters the right atrium

19
Q

Describe the biliary system

A

bile leaves the liver via the right and left hepatic ducts after draining the right and left lobes of the liver and enters the common hepatic duct

it enters the cystic duct and is stored and concentrated in the gallbladder

on stimulation, bile leaves the gallbladder, enters the cystic duct and passes down the common bile duct

it enters the hepatopancreatic ampulla (of Vater) which is surrounded by a smooth muscle sphincter (of Oddi) Bile then empties into the second part of the duodenum at the major duodenal papilla

20
Q

What is the pancreas?

A

an exocrine and endocrine organ that lies posterior to the stomach in the posterior wall of the lesser sac

21
Q

Pancreas location and shape

A
  • It is retroperitoneal except for the distal tail which contacts the spleen
  • the pancreas has a head, neck, body and tail with the head nestled in the C shaped curve of the duodenum
22
Q

Pancreas ducts

A

In addition to the main pancreatic duct which joins the common bile duct at the hepatopancreatic ampulla, exocrine pancreatic secretions exit via the accessory pancreatic duct emptying into the duodenum at the minor duodenal papilla

23
Q

What is the spleen?

A

A functionally larger lymph node

24
Q

Spleen location

A
  • that lies in the left upper quadrant (hypochondrium) posterolateral to the stomach and protected by the ribs
  • It is connected to the stomach via gastrosplenic ligament and to the left kidney by the splenorenal ligament
25
Q

Hepatic portal system function

A

carries blood from the abdominal viscera to the liver

26
Q

Portal system features

A

in a portal system arterial blood flows into a capillary system (in GI viscera) then into veins (portal tributaries) and finally into more capillaries (liver sinusoids) before being collected by veins that return the blood to the heart (hepatic veins and IVC)

The tributaries of the portal system are named analogously to the veins

in contrast to the systemic circulation there are no valves in the portal system of veins

27
Q

What are portosystemic anastomoses?

A

because of the lack of valves in the portal system, anastomoses (connections) between the portal and systemic veins called portosystemic anastomoses, allow blood to return to the heart via the systemic circulation when a major vein of the portal system is occluded or restricted

28
Q

The most important portosystemic anastomoses

A

around the lower esophagus, rectum, umbilical region, retroperitoneal anastomoses

29
Q

Portal blood flow restriction

A

backflows into the systemic circulation

engorged veins from this increased blood flow can result in esophageal varices, hemorrhoids, and cutaneous engorged veins around the umbilicus called caput medusae

30
Q

cirrhosis of the liver and portal blood flow

A

cirrhosis of the liver leads to fibrosis and disrupts portal blood flow leading to portal hypertension and engorgement of the portosystemic anastomoses

31
Q

Major cause of cirrhosis

A

alcoholic liver disease

32
Q

Describe the portal system

A
33
Q

Retroperitoneal structures

A

kidneys

suprarenal glands

ureters

abdominal aorta

inferior vena cava

34
Q

Abdominal aortic aneurysm

A

localized abnormal dilation of the aorta that occurs when the structure of the aortic wall is compromised

Hypertension and atherosclerosis are major causes

35
Q

Abdominal aortic aneurysm symptoms

A

Abdominal and back pain, nausea, early satiety but up to 75% are asymptomatic

36
Q

Common causes of abdominal aortic aneurysm

A

Hypertension and atherosclerosis

37
Q

Abdominal aortic aneurysms diagnosis

A

often discovered incidentally as an abdominal mass (often palpably pulsating)

38
Q

Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm

A

A sharp tearing back pain accompanies rupture of an aortic aneurysm

39
Q

Inferior Vena Cava

A

is part of the systemic or caval system of veins that drain blood from the body wall

At the pelvic brim, the common iliac vein is formed by the internal and external iliac arteries

Two common iliac veins join to form the IVC which receives drainage from the gonads, kidney, posterior abdominal wall, liver and diaphragm

The IVC drains into the right atrium of the heart

40
Q

Describe the abdominal venous system

A

GINME (63 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions