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GINME > Week 2: Salivary gland > Flashcards

Week 2: Salivary gland Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of saliva

3 listed

A
  • Lubrication
  • Solvation
  • Oral and Dental health
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2
Q

How does saliva serve to lubricate?

A
  • Lubricates and softens food
  • Aids in swallowing
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3
Q

How does saliva serve in solvation

A

Facilitate taste sensations

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4
Q

How is saliva important for oral and dental health?

5 listed

A
  • Rinses teeth and buccal mucosa
  • antibacterial function
    • lysozyme (digests peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell wall)
    • Lactoferrin (chelates iron to prevent bacterial growth)
    • Immunoglobulin A (immunologic surveillance)
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5
Q

Describe Salivary gland structure

A
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6
Q

Identify structure and components

A
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7
Q

What are the major cell types lining the salvion?

3 listed

A
  • Acinar cells
  • Ductal cells
  • Myoepithelial cells
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8
Q

Identify structures and components

A
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9
Q

Describe the structure of an acinar unit

A
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10
Q

Identify structures and components

A

Acinar unit

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11
Q

Describe how the salivary glands are regulated:

vagal stimulation

A

Vagus nerve -> ACh -> ^IP3 by phospholipase C -> release of intracellular Ca2+ stores -> causes vesicles with stored material to move to the plasma membrane in order to secrete contents into acinus & stimulates Cl- channel which causes secretion of Cl- into the Acinus and because this is an electronegative ion Na+ follows thereby drawing water out of the cell by osmosis

Also, (still hypothetical) speculation that Ca2+ will stimulate aquaporin, which is a water transporter

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12
Q

What is secreted by salivary gland cells?

3 listed

A
  • Amylase (carbohydrate digestion)
  • Lysozyme (digests peptidoglycan bacterial cell walls)
  • Lactoferrin (chelates iron that bacteria need iron to generate their electron gradients for energy production)
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13
Q

What is the Cephalic phase of digestion?

A

the salivary glands become stimulated and activated based upon seeing food so you secrete digestive and antimicrobial enzymes and a lot of water in preparation for ingesting food

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14
Q

Describe other effects of vagal stimulation f the salivary glands

A
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15
Q

Describe ion concentrations around and inside salivary glands

A
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16
Q

Describe salivary gland acinus [Ion] in unstimulated state

A
17
Q

Describe salivary gland acinus [Ion] during the stimulated state

A

K+ resorption transporters don’t have sufficient time

18
Q

Where does the excess HCO3- come from in salivary gland stimulation?

A

Ductal cells through the enzyme Carbonic anhydrase

CO2 + H2O -> HCO3- + H+

CO2 from metabolism from the 2 decarboxylation sites in the TCA cycle

19
Q

What are the main proteins the salivary gland secretes

4 listed

A

lactoferrin

lysozyme

IgA for immunosurveillance

Amylase

20
Q

What is starch?

A

Polymer of glucose broken down by amylase

repetitive α 1, 4 glycosidic linkage

21
Q

First sources of digestion

2 listed

A
  • mastication is mechanical does not break the chemical bonds
  • amylase is first form of chemical digestion that breaks the chemical bonds
22
Q

What types of glycosidic linkages can amylase digest?

A

β 1, 4 glycosidic linkage (cannot be digested by amylase)

This is cellulose and doesn’t contribute to metabolism directly, however, it adds bulk and hydration to stools preventing impaction and constipation

α 1, 4 glycosidic linkage can be digested by amylase

23
Q

Primary and secondary saliva [ion]

A
24
Q

Ion transporter review

A
25
Q

Describe a salivary duct cell’s ion secretions unstimulated

A
26
Q

Saliva buffering

A
27
Q

Describe a salivary duct cell’s ion secretions stimulated

A
28
Q

Identify structure and components

A

Mucin

29
Q

Describe salivary IgA and transcytosis

A
30
Q

Normal pH of saliva

A

~7.5

31
Q

The duct(s) of gland(s) opening into the floor of the mouth is (are)

A

submandibular and sublingual

32
Q

Main function of salivary duct is

A

To convey the saliva secreted by the terminal secretory units to oral cavity

33
Q

Which of the following is not present in saliva

1) Lysozyme
2) Phosphate
3) Bicarbonate
4) Trypsin

A

Trypsin

34
Q

Your saliva can reveal which of the following?

1) Eye color
2) Hair color
3) Age

A

Age

GINME (63 decks)

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