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GINME > Week 3: colon polyps and cancer > Flashcards

Week 3: colon polyps and cancer Flashcards

1
Q

Describe colon epithelium histology

A

columnar cells that make up the glands

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2
Q

Describe colon lamina propria histology

A

supportive connective tissue which harbors the glands

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3
Q

Describe colon muscularis mucosa histology

A

this superficial layer of smooth muscle

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4
Q

Describe colon submucosa histology

A

connective tissue

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5
Q

Describe colon muscularis propria histology

A

Thick outer layer of smooth muscle responsible for peristalsis

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6
Q

Describe colon serosa histology

A

thin outer lining of mesothelial cells

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7
Q

Intestine epithelial crypts

A
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8
Q

Why are the specific layers of the colon important as they pertain to cancer?

A
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9
Q

What is this?

A

Polyp

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10
Q

What is the difference?

A
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11
Q

Describe tubulovillous adenoma

A
  • has at least low grade dysplasia
  • can progress to carcinoma
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12
Q

Describe the meaning of hyperplastic

A
  • is essentially benign
  • will not progress to carcinoma
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13
Q

Describe the meaning of serrated

A
  • Histologic deceptive term
  • Glands of polyps have undulations (like a serrated knife edge)
  • Certain types can progress to carcinoma (more on this later)
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14
Q

What are the most common colon polyps

A
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15
Q

What is this?

A

Hyperplastic colon polyp on the right

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16
Q

Describe hyperplastic colon polyps

A
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17
Q

Describe the histologic features of a hyperplastic colon polyp

A
  • surface has irregular tufting of epithelial cells
  • superficial serrated architecture and absence of atypia
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18
Q

Describe Adenomas properties & screening policies

A
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19
Q

Adenomas Gross histology

A

3 to 10 mm, pedunculated or sessile, dark red surface that looks velvety or like a raspberry

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20
Q

Describe Adenomas histology

A
  • epithelium is dysplastic: nucleui of surface epithelial cells are hyperchromatic, elongated and stratified, reduction of goblet cells
  • Tubular rounded glands
  • Villous: slender villi
  • Tubulovillous: mixed
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21
Q

What is the most common preneoplastic polyp screened for?

A

Tubular adenoma

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22
Q

What is this?

A
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23
Q

What is this?

A

TVA (Tubulovillous adenoma)

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24
Q

What are these?

A
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25
Q

Describe Sessile Serrated Adenomas histology

A
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26
Q

Most common location of Sessile Serrated adenomas

A

precancerous polyps usually found in the right colon

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27
Q

Sessile Serrated Adenomas properties

A
28
Q

What are these?

A
29
Q

Compare and contrast TA, SSA and HP

A
30
Q

What are some of the features of a polyp with a higher risk of progressing to cancer?

A
31
Q

Screening intervals are based on?

A
32
Q

What is a hamartoma?

A

An abnormal growth of tissue elements normally found at that site [ie normal tissue for that site just disorganized]

33
Q

Describe what a hamartomatous polyp is

A
34
Q

Which of the following polyps are dysplastic by definition?

  • Tubular adenoma
  • Hyperplastic polyp
  • Sessile Serrated adenoma
  • Hamartomatous polyp
A
35
Q

Describe the risk for adenocarcinoma

A
36
Q

Describe the prevalence of adenocarcinoma

A
37
Q

Describe the various locations of adenocarcinoma and location-specific signs and symptoms

A
38
Q

Describe the histological features of adenocarcinoma

A
39
Q

How is adenocarcinoma staged?

A

TNM staging

T = depth

N = nodes

M = distant mets (most common is liver)

40
Q

What are these?

A

Adenocarcinoma

41
Q

Describe the molecular pathways of colon carcinogenesis

A
42
Q

Adenoma-Carcinoma pathway

A
43
Q

Adenoma-Carcinoma pathway figure

A
44
Q

Serrated pathway AKA

A
45
Q

Serrated pathway figure

A
46
Q

Microsatellite instability?

A
47
Q

MSI example

A
48
Q

Overview of microsatellite instability

A
49
Q

Summary of sporadic cancer pathways

A
50
Q

Hereditary non-hamartomatous polyposis cancer syndromes

A
  • Familial adenomatous polyposis
  • Lynch syndrome
51
Q

Hereditary hamartomatous polyposis cancer syndromes

A
  • Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome
  • Juvenile Polyposis Syndrome
52
Q

Familal Adenomatous Polyposis

A
53
Q

FAP gross histology

A
54
Q

Describe Lynch Syndrome

A
55
Q

MSI SSAs not TAs?

A
56
Q

Confusion

A
57
Q

Summary of LS vs Sporadic Serrated pathway

A
58
Q

Question

A

Got like 10 questions at the end of this lecture was hungover and ran out of fucks to give

59
Q

Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome

A
60
Q

Peutz-Jeghers Polyp

A
61
Q

Peutz-Jeghers increased risks

A
62
Q

Average age of cancer diagnosis with Peutz-Jeghers

A

46

63
Q

Juvenile Polyposis syndrome

A
64
Q

Juvenile Polyp

A
65
Q

Juvenile Polyposis syndrome juvenile reference and location

A

GINME (63 decks)

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