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GINME > Week 3: Amino Acid Digestion & Absorption > Flashcards

Week 3: Amino Acid Digestion & Absorption Flashcards

1
Q

What must happen to proteins for them to be absorbed?

A

digested into amino acids

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2
Q

Amino acid chemical structure

A
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3
Q

What hydrolyzes a peptide bond?

A

Proteases

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4
Q

Describe a peptide bond

A
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5
Q

Where do proteases come from?

A

Synthesized and secreted by the pancreas due to CCK stimulation

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6
Q

What is the primary protease from the pancreas?

A

Trypsinogen

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7
Q

Describe the function of trypsinogen

A

is inactive when secreted from the pancreas

Is activated by?

Trypsinogen -enterokinase (enteropeptidase)-> Typsin

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8
Q

Trypsinogen is activated by?

A

Enterokinase (enteropeptidase)

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9
Q

Enterokinase AKA

A

Enteropeptidase

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10
Q

Enteropeptidase AKA

A

Enterokinase

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11
Q

Where is Enterokinase located?

A

transmembrane protein on the intestinal luminal membrane to prevent activation of trypsinogen into trypsin in a location where it could cause damage to cells

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12
Q

What is an endoprotease?

A

cleaves a peptide internally away from the ends

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13
Q

What is an exoprotease?

A

Cleaves a peptide on the ends

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14
Q

What is a zymogen?

A

exo or endoproteases that are inactive but can become activated by enterokinases

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15
Q

Enterokinase function

A

Activates all proteases or zymogens to their active form

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16
Q

How do Amino acids get into cells?

A

amino acids are polar and therefore can’t diffuse through membranes

They use Na+AA symporters driven by Na+K+ ATPase to provide the concentration gradient of Na+ needed to pull AAs into the enterocytes

17
Q

Negatively charged AAs

A

Glutamate

Aspartic acid

18
Q

Positively charged AAs

A

Histidine (very pH dependent)

Argynine

Lysine

19
Q

Hydrophobic AAs

A
  • glycine (Gly)
  • alanine (Ala)
  • valine (Val)
  • leucine (Leu)
  • isoleucine (Ile)
  • proline (Pro)
  • phenylalanine (Phe)
  • methionine (Met)
  • tryptophan (Trp)
20
Q

Polar AAs

A
  • serine (Ser)
  • threonine (Thr)
  • cysteine (Cys)
  • asparagine (Asn)
  • glutamine (Gln)
  • tyrosine (Tyr)
21
Q

Classes of AA transporters

A
  • positively charged transporters
  • negatively charged transporters
  • aromatic transporters
  • hydrophobic transporters
  • di + tri-peptide transporters
22
Q

What are brush border peptidases?

A

located on the brush-border luminal surface and assist in digesting di or tri peptides

GINME (63 decks)

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