First Aid Anatomy

Question 1

Layers of gut wall from inside to outside

Answer 1

MSMS

Mucosa (epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa)

Submucosa includes Submucosal nerve (Meissner) Secretes fluid

Muscularis externa includes Myenteric nerve plexus (Auerbach), Motility

Serosa (when intraperitoneal) adventitia (when retroperitoneal)

Question 2

Ulcers location

Answer 2

can extend into submucosa, inner or outer muscular layer

Question 3

Erosions location

Answer 3

in the mucosa only

Question 4

Frequencies of basal electric rhythm (slow waves)

Stomach

Answer 4

3 waves/min

Question 5

Frequencies of basal electric rhythm (slow waves)

Duodenum

Answer 5

Duodenum 12 waves/min

Question 6

Frequencies of basal electric rhythm (slow waves)

Ileum

Answer 6

Ileum 8-9 waves/min

Question 7

Esophagus histology

Answer 7

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 8

Stomach histology

Answer 8

Gastric glands

Question 9

Duodenum histology

Answer 9

Villi and microvilli ^ absorptive surface

Brunner glands (HCO3- secreting cells of submucosa) and crypts of Lieberkuhn (contain stem cells that replace enterocytes/goblet cells and Paneth cells that secrete defensins, lysozyme and TNF

Question 10

Jejunum histology

Answer 10

Plicae circulares (also present in distal duodenum) and crypts of Lieberkuhn

Question 11

Ileum histology

Answer 11

• Peyer patches (lymphoid aggregates in lamina propria, submucosa)
• Plicae curculares (proximal ileum)
• and crypts of Lieberkuhn
• Largest number of goblet cells in the small intestine

Question 12

The location of the largest number of goblet cells in the small intestine

Answer 12

Ileum

Question 13

Colon histology

Answer 13

Crypts of Lieberkuhn but no Villi

Abundant goblet cells

Question 14

Foregut artery

Answer 14

Celiac

Question 15

Midgut artery

Answer 15

SMA

Question 16

Hindgut artery

Answer 16

IMA

Question 17

Foregut parasympathetic innervation

Answer 17

Vagus

Question 18

Midgut parasympathetic innervation

Answer 18

Vagus

Question 19

Hindgut parasympathetic innervation

Answer 19

Pelvic

Question 20

Foregut vertebral level

Answer 20

T12/L1

Question 21

Midgut vertebral level

Answer 21

L1

Question 22

Hindgut vertebral level

Answer 22

L3

Question 23

Midgut artery

Answer 23

SMA

Question 24

Hindgut artery

Answer 24

IMA

Question 25

Hindgut parasympathetic innervation

Answer 25

Pelvic

Question 26

Hindgut vertebral level

Answer 26

L3

Question 27

Midgut vertebral level

Answer 27

L1

Question 28

Watershed regions of the GI tract

Answer 28

two areas of the colon -> susceptible in colonic ischemia

Splenic flexure - SMA and IMA

Rectosigmoid junction - the last sigmoid arterial branch from the IMA and superior rectal artery

Question 29

Superior mesenteric artery syndrome

Answer 29

Characterized by intermittent intestinal obstruction symptoms (primarily postprandial pain) when SMA and aorta compress transverse (third) portion of duodenum

Typically occurs in conditions associated with diminished mesenteric fat (eg low body weight/malnutrition)

Question 30

Arteries supplying GI tract are?

Answer 30

single and branch anteriorly

Question 31

Arteries supplying non-GI structures are?

Answer 31

paired and branch laterally and posteriorly