Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GINME > Week 2: GI pharmacology > Flashcards

Week 2: GI pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Objectives

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cl- and HCO3 antiporter

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What powers the HCO3 Cl- antiporter

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cellular mechanism of acid production

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Stimulants of gastric acid secretion

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Therapeutic targets to inhibit gastric acid secretion

5 listed

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are some common antiacids?

4 listed

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Antacids that can cause belching

A

CaCO3

NaHCO3

because CO2 is produced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

CaCO3 antacid brand name

A

TUMS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How much Ca2+ is absorbed by taking tums

A

10% of the Ca2+ is absorbed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Too much CaCo3 can result in?

A

Hypercalcemia can lead to kidney failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

NaHCO3 brand name

A

Alka Seltzer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

NaHCO3 benefits

A
  • Very soluble, very fast-acting
  • Rapidly removed from the gut
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Too much NaHCO3 can result in?

A
  • Systemic alkalosis
  • fluid retention
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Al(OH)3 benefits

A

Insoluble aluminum chloride salt formed after neutralizing acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Too much Al(OH)3 can result in?

A

Constipation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Mg(OH)2 benefits

A
  • Relatively insoluble
  • longer acting in stomach
  • relatively little absorption of Mg2+
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Too much Mg(OH)2 can result in?

A

Laxative effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Maalox and Mylanta are?

A

Al(OH)3 + Mg(OH)2 mixed together to neutralize the constipation and laxative effects each would have alone respectively

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

H1 receptor

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

H2 receptor

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

H3 receptor

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

H2 antagonists block what

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

H2 antagonists

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Histamine H2 receptor antagonists prototypes and mechanism of action

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

H2 receptor antagonists pharmacokinetics

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Therapeutic uses of H2 receptor antagonists

A
  • Promoting healing of gastric and duodenal ulcers
  • Treatment of GERD
28
Q

Adverse effects of H2 receptor antagonists

A
29
Q

Muscarinic receptor antagonists pathways blocked

A
30
Q

Muscarinic receptor antagonists receptor-targeted

A

most muscarininic antagonists are nonselective

the target to block acid secretion would be M1

31
Q

Selectivity of Muscarinic receptor antagonists

A

the only selective Muscarinic receptor antagonists in clinical use is pirenzipine for gastric ulcers

32
Q

Side effects of muscarinic antagonists

A

Significant cholinergic side effects so have largely been replaced by H2 receptor antagonists and H+ pump inhibitors

33
Q

Pirenzipine MOA

A
34
Q

Omeprazole brand name

A

Prilosec

35
Q

Omeprazole MOA

A

Proton pump inhibitor

36
Q

Structures of proton pump inhibitors

A

key structural feature is the Sulfer oxygen double bond

37
Q

Omeprazole activity/kinetics

A

Is a prodrug

so it enters parietal cell from circulation

Omeprazole is a weak base and will accumulate in acidic environments such as the secretory canaliculi

38
Q

Parietal cell structure when at rest vs stimulated

A

when stimulated make a massive physical conformational change to form the intracellular caliculi to secrete

39
Q

Describe the accumulation of omeprazole

A
40
Q

Describe activation of omeprazole

A

low pH converts the prodrug to active form through proton catalyzed conversion

41
Q

Describe pump inhibition of omeprazole

A

covalent modification is nonreversible so the cell must endocytose the covalently inhibited pump and perform de novo synthesis 18hrs on average

Cysteine 813 irreversible modification

42
Q

Omeprazole pathway

A
43
Q

The delivery system of omeprazole

A

important that the capsule only dissolves at an alkaline pH which would allow it to be absorbed in the small intestine and not degraded in the stomach or esophagus because it would be wasted

44
Q

Absorption of Omeprazole

A

Rapid

Highly protein bound

45
Q

Metabolism of omeprazole

A

Extensively metabolized in the liver by cytochrome p450

Plasma half-life is 1-2 hrs but durations of action is much longer due to the irreversible inhibition

46
Q

Adverse effects of PPIs

A
47
Q

PPIs lableing change

A
48
Q

Emerging adverse effects of PPIs

A
49
Q

Mg2+ and PPIs

A
50
Q

PPIs vs H2 antagonists

A
51
Q

Drugs affecting gastric mucosal defense

A
52
Q

Misoprostol Brand

A

Cytotec

53
Q

Misoprostol MOA

A
54
Q

Adverse effects of Misoprostol

A
55
Q

Sucralfate MOA

A
56
Q

Adverse effects of sucralfate

A
57
Q

What is Bismuth Subsalicylate

A

Pepto-Bismol

58
Q

Pepto-Bismol drug name

A

Bismuth Subsalicylate

59
Q

Bismuth Subsalicylate MOA

A
60
Q

Bismuth Subsalicylate properties

A
61
Q

Uses of Bismuth Subsalicylate

A
  • Coats ulcers and erosions
  • Creates a protective layer against acid and pepsin
62
Q

Helicobacter pylori AKA

A

H pylori

63
Q

H. pylori properties

A
64
Q

How are most ulcers cured?

A

Antibiotic therapy now cures most ulcers

65
Q

Therapy for H pylori

A
66
Q

GI Pharmacology summary

A

GINME (63 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions