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GINME > Week 2: Gastric Motility > Flashcards

Week 2: Gastric Motility Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the stomach

4 listed

A
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2
Q

size of bolus ejected into the duodenum

A

1 mm^3

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3
Q

General divisions of the stomach

A
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4
Q

Gastric musculature external

A
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5
Q

Internal gastric musculature

A
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6
Q

Receiving and storage functions of the stomach

A

top of the stomach opens before the bolus arrives which allows liquids or other fast dropping boli to enter the stomach before the peristaltic wave arrives

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7
Q

Question

A

C. VIP/ATP/NO Release from myenteric neurons

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8
Q

Receptive relaxation of the fundus and body

A
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9
Q

Recovery of the stomach

A
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10
Q

Mixing and propulsion functions of the stomach: Peristaltic contractions

A
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11
Q

Mixing and propulsion functions of the stomach: Gastric pacemakers

A
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12
Q

Describe electrical slow waves

A

amplitude and duration dictate how much calcium can enter cells

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13
Q

Describe the relationship of electrical slow waves to smooth muscle contraction

A
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14
Q

Describe the gradient of gastric slow waves

A

The higher in the stomach doesn’t really have slow waves but as you get lower the slow waves get stronger and more spikey which is due to greater Ca2+ influx

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15
Q

What drives slow waves

A

Interstitial cells of Cajal

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16
Q

ICCs AKA

A

Interstitial cells of Cajal

17
Q

Describe interstitial cells of Cajal

A
18
Q

Most gastric tumors arise from what cell type?

A

Interstitial Cells of Cajal

19
Q

What happens if interstitial cells of Cajal are knocked out

A

still have electric potential but no slow waves and animals have difficulty thriving

20
Q

Where do peristaltic contractions originate in the stomach

A
21
Q

Describe retropulsion

A
22
Q

Describe retropulsion II

A
23
Q

Describe the regulation of gastric emptying

A
24
Q

What mechanisms underlie inhibition of emptying?

A

Especially in response to fat

25
Q

Describe gastric factors that promote emptying

A
26
Q

What is the migrating motor complex?

A

robust coordinated contractions to sweep out residue in the stomach

27
Q

How often does MMC occur?

A

every ~90 minutes or so

28
Q

Classes of disorders of gastric emptying

A
  • Gastroparesis
  • Dumping syndrome
29
Q

Gastroparesis causes

A
  • Tumors
  • ulcers
  • Vagal nerve damage
30
Q

How does a tumor or ulcer lead to gastroparesis

A

physical obstruction contributes to pyloric resistance

31
Q

How does vagal nerve damage lead to gastroparesis?

A

Loss of vagal coordination limits pyloric opening

32
Q

Causes of vagal nerve damage that can lead to gastroparesis

A
  • diabetes
  • surgical vagotomy for ulcer
33
Q

Symptoms of gastroparesis due to vagal nerve damage

A

bloating

nausea

reflux

loss of appetite

34
Q

Treatments of gastroparesis due to vagal nerve damage

A
  • Diet modification
  • Drugs
  • Surgical treatment to reduce the tone of the pylorus
35
Q

Dumping syndrome is what?

A

Rapid emptying

36
Q

Complications of Dumping syndrome

A

An Excessive osmotic load presented to small intestine -> excessive insulin release -> hypoglycemia

37
Q

Dumping syndrome is associated with?

A

Gastric bypass surgery

38
Q

Treatments of Dumping syndrome

A
  • Diet modifications
  • surgery
39
Q

Summary of gastric motility

A

GINME (63 decks)

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