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URN Biweekly 1 > Water Handling and Osmo-regulation- Al Jaber > Flashcards

Water Handling and Osmo-regulation- Al Jaber Flashcards

1
Q

total body weight=

A

wt (kg) x 0.6

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2
Q

normal osmolality range

A

280-300

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3
Q

blood - RBC’s

A

plasma

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4
Q

plasma - clotting factors

A

serum

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5
Q

total concentration of all particles in solution

A

osmolality

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6
Q

contributes 97-98% of total osmolality

A

Na+

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7
Q

concentration of only the osmotically active particles

A

tonicity

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8
Q

contributes to tonicity in ECF

A

Na+

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9
Q

contributes to tonicity in ICF

A

K+

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10
Q

____maintains osmotic equilibrium by responding to changes in solute concentrations

A

water

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11
Q

caused by an excess amount of water in system and therefore decreases Na+ concentration

A

hyponatremia

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12
Q

1-2% change in plasma osmolality causes ______handling

A

water

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13
Q

what percent of filtrate reaches collecting duct

A

10%

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14
Q

out of 180L/day filtered, what reaches collecting duct

A

18L

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15
Q

minimum urine osmolality concentration

A

50

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16
Q

approximate plasma osmolarity concentration

A

280-300

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17
Q

____ cannot make pure water

A

kidneys

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18
Q

what causes changes in cell volume

A

tonicity

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19
Q

what are equal partners in determining tonicity of urine

A

Na+ and K+

20
Q

negative electrolyte free water clearance number

A

pt not capable of secreting water in the urine

21
Q

positive electrolyte free water clearance number

A

how much water will be excreted in the urine APPROPRIATE response from kidney in state of too much water

22
Q

2 main steps for the concentration of urine in reaction to body water loss:

A
  1. medullary interstitial hyperosmolarity formed
  2. water from tubule to interstitium
23
Q

thick ascending tubule adds what to interstitium

A

NaCl

24
Q

thin tubules hold what in interstitium

A

NaCl

25
Q

adds urea to interstitium

A

collecting tubule

26
Q

allows for passive movement of water into interstitium through aquaporins

A

collecting duct

27
Q

water flows into interstitium; NaCl flows into lumen (osmolarity increases)

A

thin descending limb

28
Q

water impermeable; NaCl leaves lumen into interstitium (osmolarity decreases)

A

ascending limb

29
Q

allows for medullary environment to be highly concentrated so able to reclaim water when needed

A

urea

30
Q

hormone used to reclaim more water

A

ADH

31
Q

what inserts aquaporins in CD and allows water to passively move from urine to interstitium b/c of concentrated medullary interstitium

A

ADH

32
Q

urine output and concentration of urine in someone who is very dehydrated

A

low urine output and high urine concentration (water taken out of urine)

33
Q

marker for ADH presence

A

urine osmolarity

34
Q

if urine is diluted, what does that mean for ADH presence

A

not present

35
Q

has no role in concentration process of urine

A

PCT

36
Q

takes NaCl and adds to interstitial environment (step in hypertonic medullary environment)

A

thick ascending limb

37
Q

continues to dilute urine by taking NaCl into blood

A

DCT

38
Q

lack of ADH production

A

central diabetes insipidus

39
Q

failure of CD to respond to ADH

A

nephrogenic Diabetes insipidus

40
Q

too much urine produced

A

polyuria

41
Q

does not participate in urine dilution process

A

PCT

42
Q

NaCl into interstitium

A

thick ascending limb

43
Q

no ADH so no passive flow of water here

A

Collecting duct

44
Q

secretion of ADH despite having excess body water and decreased body fluid osmolarity

A

syndrome of inappropriate diuresis

45
Q

SSRIs (anti-depressants) main cause of this

A

syndrome of inappropriate diuresis

46
Q

patient has hyponatremia, low plasma osmolarity; urine not being appropriately diluted due to excess production of ADH

A

syndrome of inappropriate diuresis

URN Biweekly 1 (21 decks)

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