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URN Biweekly 1 > URN Intro- Weber > Flashcards

URN Intro- Weber Flashcards

1
Q

functional unit of kidney (approximately 1 million per kidney)

A

nephron

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2
Q

part of kidney that filters blood

A

nephron

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3
Q

brings blood and nutrients to kidney (unfiltered)

A

renal a.

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4
Q

takes filtered blood out of kidney and back to heart

A

renal vein

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5
Q

urine is excreted from the kidney through these

A

ureters

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6
Q

2 parts of a nephron

A

glomerulus and renal tubule

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7
Q

3 main functions of kidneys

A

filter, reabsorb, secrete

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8
Q

2 main body fluid compartments

A

intracellular fluid (ICF)
extracellular fluid (ECF)

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9
Q

body fluid compartment with 2/3rds of the fluid

A

intracellular fluid

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10
Q

body fluid compartment w/ 1/3rd of fluid

A

extracellular fluid

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11
Q

Na+ concentration greatest in which body fluid compartment

A

extracellular fluid compartment (think Na+/K+ pump—3 Na+ out of cell for every 2 K+ in)

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12
Q

K+ concentration greatest in which body fluid compartment

A

intracellular fluid (3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ in)

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13
Q

osmolar concentration is what throughout ICF and ECF

A

equal

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14
Q

H+ (pH) is what throughout ICF and ECF

A

equal

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15
Q

HCO3- (bicarbonate) concentration greatest in which body fluid compartment

A

ECF

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16
Q

ionic concentrations that are equal in the ECF compartment between Interstitial space and vascular space

A

Na+
K+
Osm
HCO3-
H+

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17
Q

protein concentration (albumin) is greatest in which compartment

A

vascular space of ECF

18
Q

___makes up 3/4 of ECF and _____ makes up 1/4

A

interstitial space (3/4)
vascular space (1/4)

19
Q

volume distribution across capillary wall is controlled by what

A

protein (albumin)

20
Q

normal concentration of Na+ in ECF

A

140

21
Q

normal concentration of K+

A

45

22
Q

normal concentration of HCO3-

A

24

23
Q

normal H+ concentration (pH)

A

7.4 ish

24
Q

normal osmolar concentration

A

290

25
Q

number of particles of solute per liter of solution

A

osmolarity

26
Q

osmotic gradient (water) seen where

A

cell membrane

27
Q

osmotic gradient deals with ____

A

salts

28
Q

oncotic gradient (saline) seen where

A

capillary wall

29
Q

oncotic gradient deals with ____

A

protein

30
Q

what happens when intake of Na+ increases

A

signal is sent to kidney to increase excretion of Na+

31
Q

the effector that responds to signal to retain or excrete appropriate substance to restore a constant internal environment

A

kidneys

32
Q

how would you describe urine content and values in the clinic

A

appropriate to maintain homeostasis or inappropriate to maintain homeostasis

33
Q

defense of ECF volume: increased NaCl absorption mediated by aldosterone can lead to what

A

hypokalemia (more K+ in cell and not in serum)

34
Q

defense of ECF volume: increased H2O absorption mediated by anti-diuretic hormone leads to what

A

hypo-osmolarity (less electrolytes, protein, and nutrients in serum)

35
Q

defense of ECF (Ca2+): increased phosphate excretion and Ca2+ resorption mediated by PTH leads to

A

bone demineralization (too much Ca2+ in the blood weakens bones)

36
Q

kidney excretes toxins and foreign substances by what 2 main steps

A

filtration and clearance

37
Q

how do the kidneys regulate ECF volume

A

Na+ reabsorption or excretion

38
Q

how do the kidneys regulate body fluid osmolality

A

water reabsorption or excretion

39
Q

how do the kidneys regulate acid-base balance

A

H+ excretion/HCO3- reclamation

40
Q

how do the kidneys regulate mineral composition

A

by handling K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Phosphate

41
Q

do the kidneys contribute to hormonal functions

A

yes

URN Biweekly 1 (21 decks)

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