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URN Biweekly 1 > Segmental Functional Transport > Flashcards

Segmental Functional Transport Flashcards

1
Q

reabsorbs the bulk (60%) of glomerular filtrate; secretes some solutes

A

PCT

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2
Q

water impermeable, but takes out NaCl

A

thick ascending loop of henle and DCT

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3
Q

this has microvilli, mitochondria, and tight junctions

A

PCT

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4
Q

thin loop of henle has what epithelium

A

squamous

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5
Q

we are roughly ____% water

A

60%

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6
Q

_____function in kidney is essential

A

reabsorption

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7
Q

our kidneys filter ____ L/d

A

180

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8
Q

GFR x Px (concentration of x in plasma)

A

filtered load

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9
Q

why do we see glucose in urine

A

transporters reach their maximum number and kidneys no longer able to reabsorb glucose

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10
Q

used to determine RPF and RBF in system

A

PAH

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11
Q

freely filtered and secreted

A

PAH

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12
Q

also has maximum number of transporters and will have amount secreted being constant when this happens

A

PAH

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13
Q

how much of substance X was cleared from plasma over time

A

clearance

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14
Q

can’t cross over membrane and remains in urine (happens at alkaline pH)

A

ionic form of weak acid

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15
Q

can go into blood to be reabsorbed (happens at acidic pH)

A

non ionic form of weak acid

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16
Q

primary driver of primary active transporters especially in PCT

A

Na+

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17
Q

osmolarity increases down this and water is removed while NaCl is kept in

A

thin descending loop of henle

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18
Q

osmolarity decreases up this and NaCl is removed

A

thick ascending loop of henle

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19
Q

puts NaCl into blood and has low osmolarity

A

DCT

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20
Q

fine tunes composition of urine (ADH acts on this too)

A

late distal tubule/CD

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21
Q

involves isotonic process with same osmolarity

A

PCT

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22
Q

has active and passive reabsorption

A

PCT

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23
Q

has passive diffusion

A

thin limb of loop of henle

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24
Q

has active transport of NaCl out

A

thick ascending loop of henle

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25
Q

has active transport of NaCl out

A

DCT

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26
Q

has secondary active Na+ absorption and passive water absorption

A

CD

27
Q

why is there a high salt concentration in medulla (high osmolarity)

A

helps concentrate urine (allows for water to be reabsorbed)

28
Q

type of transporter on lumen side of proximal tubule

A

active transporters

29
Q

type of transporter on basolateral side

A

passive transporters

30
Q

______ drives reabsorption of glucose, HCO3-, AA’s, and phosphate…etc in early proximal tubule

A

Na+

31
Q

Na+ absorption coupled with glucose, HCO3-, AA’s, Cl-, water happens where

A

early PCT

32
Q

continued NaCl and water absorption w/ primary active transport keeping concentration gradient

A

late proximal tubule

33
Q

this part of kidney has isosmotic reabsorption

A

PCT

34
Q

lumen to interstitium force (hydrostatic pressure increased)

A

osmotic

35
Q

interstitium to blood force (pulling stuff into capillary)

A

oncotic

36
Q

what keeps the isosmolarity in PCT

A

where Na+ goes, water follows

37
Q

a change in ___pressure will affect GFR; and a change in GFR will affect ___ pressure

A

hydrostatic; oncotic

38
Q

an increase in ECF volume causes a net ____ in fractional reabsorption of isosmotic fluid

A

decrease

39
Q

increased ECF volume causes _____ in oncotic pressure and fraction of filtrate reabsorbed

A

decrease

40
Q

decreased ECF volume causes net ____ in fractional reabsorption of isosmotic fluid

A

increase

41
Q

what gives us estimate of filtrate reabsorption in PCT

A

BUN (blood urea nitrogen)

42
Q

normal fractional reabsorption of urea (name and number)

A

euvolemia (60%)

43
Q

80% filtered load of urea reabsorbed

A

hypovolemic

44
Q

what happens when you reabsorb more urea (into blood)

A

BUN increases

45
Q

permeable to water; impermeable to NaCl

A

thin descending

46
Q

reabsorbs NaCl while some stays in interstitium; starts hypertonic medullary interstitium gradient(environment)

A

thick ascending limb of loop of henle

47
Q

transporters of thick ascending limb

A

Na+/K+ ATPase
NKCC2
ROMK

48
Q

what transporter do loop diuretics target (furosemide)

A

Na+/2Cl-/K+

49
Q

here NaCl is returned to the blood, NOT interstitium; fluid dilute

A

DCT

50
Q

where do thiazides target

A

DCT

51
Q

water is either excreted or reabsorbed here

A

late distal tubule; collecting duct

52
Q

ENaC transporter on lumen side pulling Na+ ultimately into the blood

A

late distal tubule; collecting duct

53
Q

what does aldosterone target

A

ENaC transporter (on principal cells of late distal tubule)

54
Q

what longterm effect does aldosterone have on patient

A

can become hypokalemic due to too much Na+ reabsorption into blood and releasing K+

55
Q

puts aquaporins in on lumen side to allow for flow of water into tubule and into blood

A

ADH (vasopressin)

56
Q

why does lumen around late distal tubule/collecting duct have a high negative charge

A

b/c Na+ is being reabsorbed and Cl- left in lumen

57
Q

absence of ADH, causes what urine

A

diluted

58
Q

presence of ADH causes what urine

A

concentrated urine

59
Q

isotonic absorption of most of the ultrafiltrate volume and selective reclamation of vital solutes

A

PCT

60
Q

selective water or NaCl permeability allows for buildup and maintenance of high interstitial osmolality needed for concentrating urine

A

thin descending and ascending tubules

61
Q

active NaCl absorption into interstitium, building hyperosmolality necessary for concentrating urine; no water absorption, diluting fluid for excreting watery urine

A

thick ascending tubule

62
Q

active NaCl absorption into blood; no water absorption making fluid maximally dilute

A

DCT

63
Q

site of water absorption or excretion and final Na+ absorption and K and H secretion

A

late distal tubule/collecting duct

URN Biweekly 1 (21 decks)

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