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URN Biweekly 1 > Urinary Tract Development- Fields > Flashcards

Urinary Tract Development- Fields Flashcards

1
Q

germ layer that forms outer layer of body and spinal cord

A

ectoderm

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2
Q

germ layer that forms lining of GI tract

A

endoderm

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3
Q

germ layer that gives rise to urinary system and kidneys and ureters

A

intermediate mesoderm

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4
Q

3 layers of intermediate mesoderm

A

pronephros
mesonephros
metanephros

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5
Q

what layer of intermediate mesoderm doesn’t contribute to urinary system

A

pronephros

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6
Q

this comes from endoderm and becomes the bladder, prostate, rectum, anus

A

CLOACA

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7
Q

diverticuli off of cloaca

A

Allantois

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8
Q

divides cloaca into rectum/anus and urogenital sinus

A

Urorectal septum

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9
Q

the bladder, prostate, and allantois are part of what embryonic structure

A

Urogenital sinus

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10
Q

intermediate mesoderm that is the origin of kidney collecting tubules (tubular system)

A

mesonephros

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11
Q

2 parts of intermediate mesoderm that are mesonephros structures

A

mesonephric duct
ureteric bud

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12
Q

5 structures in the male that are derived from mesonephros

A

ureteric bud, vas deferens, trigone, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct

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13
Q

ureteric bud in both male and females becomes what

A

ureters

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14
Q

mesonephric duct becomes what in males

A

vas deferens and trigone

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15
Q

cloaca becomes what 2 main structures in male

A

bladder and prostate

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16
Q

diverticuli off of vas deferens in males

A

seminal vesicle

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17
Q

all that remains of mesonephros structures in females

A

ureteric bud (ureters)

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18
Q

why does the mesonephric duct regress in females

A

lack of testosterone

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19
Q

top part; smooth middle (arrow); bottom part

A

top: bladder
middle: trigone (inside bladder)
bottom: prostate

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20
Q
A

1st: ureter
2nd: vas deferens
3rd: seminal vesicle
4th: ejaculatory duct

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21
Q

smooth area in the floor of bladder

A

trigone

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22
Q
A
  1. renal papilla
  2. minor calyx
  3. major calyx
  4. renal pelvis
  5. ureter

renal medulla 1st pink arrow

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23
Q

5 structures that come from ureteric bud in males and females

A
  1. collecting duct and tubules
  2. minor calyx
  3. major calyx
  4. renal pelvis
  5. ureter
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24
Q

____ is in area of S3

A

ureteric bud

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25
Q

ureteric bud anomaly

A

ureteropelvic junction obstruction

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26
Q

what happens in ureteropelvic junction obstruction

A

everything that needs to leave kidney gets backed up and can lead to cysts (multicystic dysplastic kidney)

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27
Q

ureteric bud anomaly

A

branched ureteric bud

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28
Q

arrows (branched ureteric bud)

A

purple: branched renal pelvis
red: branched ureter
blue: single ureter

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29
Q

ureteric bud anomaly

A

duplication of ureteric bud

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30
Q

duplication of ureteric bud; arrows

A

purple: 2 complete renal pelvises
red: 2 complete ureters that empty to bladder

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31
Q

ureteric bud anomaly that usually is associated w/ duplication of ureter and renal pelvis; can occur on its own

A

ectopic ureterocele

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32
Q

what anomaly of ureteric bud normally causes problems

A

duplication of pelvis and ureter

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33
Q

lines inner part of bladder

A

mucosa

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34
Q

lines outer part of bladder

A

detrusor muscle

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35
Q

derived from the metanephros/blastema

A

KIDNEYS

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36
Q

____ is at S3 vertebral level

A

metanephros

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37
Q

nephron formation of kidney is derived from what layer

A

metanephros/blastema

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38
Q

5 structures of kidney that arise from blastema/metanephros

A

Bowman’s capsule
proximal convoluted tubule
loop of henle
distal convoluted tubule
connecting tubule

39
Q

2 parts of nephron that are in the medulla (other parts in cortex)

A

collecting duct and loop of henle

40
Q

kidney anomaly that is due to failure of connecting tubules to recanalize (nothing secreted from kidney so there is backup)

A

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD)

41
Q

CT shows what

A

polycystic kidney disease

42
Q

CT shows what

A

kidney tumor

43
Q

CT shows what

A

polycystic kidney

44
Q

vertebral level where kidneys develop

A

S2-S3

45
Q

vertebral level where kidneys ascend

A

L1-L2

46
Q

what forms during the ascension of the kidneys

A

new renal arteries (old ones regress)

47
Q

some renal arteries remain during ascent of kidneys causing what

A

supernumerary renal arteries

48
Q
A

hydronephrosis (enlarged kidney due to urine backup)

49
Q

hydronephrosis is due to what

A

supernumerary artery blocking ureter

50
Q

hydronephrosis

A

enlarged kidney due to urine backup

51
Q
A

retroaortic L renal vein

52
Q
A

persistent L IVC

53
Q
A

aortic vascular ring (from L renal vein)

54
Q
A

supernumerary renal veins

55
Q

A.
B.
a.

A

A. kidney cyst
B. AV malformation (arteriovenous)
a. aorta

56
Q

what has the same density in this CT

A

AV malformation and aorta

57
Q
A

ectopic kidney

58
Q

what are ectopic kidneys prone to

A

pyelonephritis

59
Q

kidney infection due to short ureters (so close to bladder)

A

pyelonephritis

60
Q

due to inferior mesenteric a. catching kidneys and stopping ascension

A

horse shoe kidney

61
Q

this is associated with turners syndrome and trisomies

A

horse shoe kidney

62
Q

rarest kidney anomaly (kidneys dont separate and remain in pelvis

A

pancake kidney

63
Q
A

renal hypoplasia

64
Q
A

supernumerary kidneys

65
Q
A

unilateral renal agenesis

66
Q

caused by bilateral renal agenesis and creates oligohydramnios (too little amniotic fluid)

A

Potter syndrome/Potter Facies

67
Q

fetus is pressed against uterine wall and is subjected to uterine contractions

A

Potter syndrome/Potter Facies

68
Q

how kidney transplants are done

A

donor kidney into external iliac v and a

69
Q

cloaca is divided into what 3 things by urorectal septum

A

rectum, anus, urogenital sinus

70
Q

3 portions of urogenital sinus

A

cranial, pelvic, caudal

71
Q

2 main parts of cranial portion of urogenital sinus

A

Allantois, apex of the bladder

72
Q

stimulates formation of umbilical blood vessels

A

allantois

73
Q

allantois degenerates and becomes the _____ in adults

A

urachus

74
Q

attached to the umbilicus and can potential site for cyst or fistula in adult

A

urachus

75
Q

clear fluid filled and no seepage

A

cyst

76
Q

clear fluid seepage

A

sinus

77
Q

urine seepage outside (yellow fluid)

A

fistula

78
Q

pelvic portion of urogenital sinus gives rise to what 5 structures

A
  1. rest of bladder (except trigone and ureters–mesonephros)
  2. prostate
  3. prostatic urethra
  4. membranous urethra
  5. bulbourethral glands
79
Q

black arrows

A

L: bulbourethral glands
middle: membranous urethra
R: Urogenital diaphragm

80
Q
A

bladder congenital anomaly diverticuli

81
Q

see poop while urinating

A

urorectal septal defect

82
Q

caudal portion of urogenital sinus gives rise to what 2 structures

A
  1. spongy urethra
  2. penile urethra
83
Q

only type of urethra seen in females

A

membranous urethra (not spongy or penile)

84
Q

____ contributes to inner epithelial lining of urethra only of external genitalia

A

endoderm

85
Q

all surrounding tissues for external genitalia derived from what

A

mesoderm

86
Q

outer layer of penis derived from what

A

ectoderm

87
Q

ventral (peeing on feet–undersurface of penis)

A

hypospadius

88
Q

dorsal (peeing on face—top part of penis)

A

Epispadius

89
Q

forms from urogenital sinus

A

bladder and prostate

90
Q

what actually helps decrease risk of kidney stones and UTI’s

A

the flow of urine

91
Q

what leads to an increased risk of UTI’s and kidney stones

A

obstruction of ureteropelvic junction

92
Q

most likely to affect one kidney

A

ureteropelvic junction obstruction

93
Q

abnormal developing ureteric bud can lead to

A

renal agenesis

94
Q

bilateral renal agenesis causes what syndrome

A

Potter syndrome

URN Biweekly 1 (21 decks)

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