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Urinary Tract Development- Fields Flashcards

1
Q

germ layer that forms outer layer of body and spinal cord

A

ectoderm

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2
Q

germ layer that forms lining of GI tract

A

endoderm

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3
Q

germ layer that gives rise to urinary system and kidneys and ureters

A

intermediate mesoderm

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4
Q

3 layers of intermediate mesoderm

A

pronephros
mesonephros
metanephros

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5
Q

what layer of intermediate mesoderm doesn’t contribute to urinary system

A

pronephros

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6
Q

this comes from endoderm and becomes the bladder, prostate, rectum, anus

A

CLOACA

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7
Q

diverticuli off of cloaca

A

Allantois

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8
Q

divides cloaca into rectum/anus and urogenital sinus

A

Urorectal septum

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9
Q

the bladder, prostate, and allantois are part of what embryonic structure

A

Urogenital sinus

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10
Q

intermediate mesoderm that is the origin of kidney collecting tubules (tubular system)

A

mesonephros

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11
Q

2 parts of intermediate mesoderm that are mesonephros structures

A

mesonephric duct
ureteric bud

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12
Q

5 structures in the male that are derived from mesonephros

A

ureteric bud, vas deferens, trigone, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct

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13
Q

ureteric bud in both male and females becomes what

A

ureters

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14
Q

mesonephric duct becomes what in males

A

vas deferens and trigone

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15
Q

cloaca becomes what 2 main structures in male

A

bladder and prostate

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16
Q

diverticuli off of vas deferens in males

A

seminal vesicle

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17
Q

all that remains of mesonephros structures in females

A

ureteric bud (ureters)

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18
Q

why does the mesonephric duct regress in females

A

lack of testosterone

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19
Q

top part; smooth middle (arrow); bottom part

A

top: bladder
middle: trigone (inside bladder)
bottom: prostate

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20
Q
A

1st: ureter
2nd: vas deferens
3rd: seminal vesicle
4th: ejaculatory duct

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21
Q

smooth area in the floor of bladder

A

trigone

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22
Q
A
  1. renal papilla
  2. minor calyx
  3. major calyx
  4. renal pelvis
  5. ureter

renal medulla 1st pink arrow

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23
Q

5 structures that come from ureteric bud in males and females

A
  1. collecting duct and tubules
  2. minor calyx
  3. major calyx
  4. renal pelvis
  5. ureter
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24
Q

____ is in area of S3

A

ureteric bud

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25
ureteric bud anomaly
ureteropelvic junction obstruction
26
what happens in ureteropelvic junction obstruction
everything that needs to leave kidney gets backed up and can lead to cysts (multicystic dysplastic kidney)
27
ureteric bud anomaly
branched ureteric bud
28
arrows (branched ureteric bud)
purple: branched renal pelvis red: branched ureter blue: single ureter
29
ureteric bud anomaly
duplication of ureteric bud
30
duplication of ureteric bud; arrows
purple: 2 complete renal pelvises red: 2 complete ureters that empty to bladder
31
ureteric bud anomaly that usually is associated w/ duplication of ureter and renal pelvis; can occur on its own
ectopic ureterocele
32
what anomaly of ureteric bud normally causes problems
duplication of pelvis and ureter
33
lines inner part of bladder
mucosa
34
lines outer part of bladder
detrusor muscle
35
derived from the metanephros/blastema
KIDNEYS
36
____ is at S3 vertebral level
metanephros
37
nephron formation of kidney is derived from what layer
metanephros/blastema
38
5 structures of kidney that arise from blastema/metanephros
Bowman's capsule proximal convoluted tubule loop of henle distal convoluted tubule connecting tubule
39
2 parts of nephron that are in the medulla (other parts in cortex)
collecting duct and loop of henle
40
kidney anomaly that is due to failure of connecting tubules to recanalize (nothing secreted from kidney so there is backup)
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD)
41
CT shows what
polycystic kidney disease
42
CT shows what
kidney tumor
43
CT shows what
polycystic kidney
44
vertebral level where kidneys develop
S2-S3
45
vertebral level where kidneys ascend
L1-L2
46
what forms during the ascension of the kidneys
new renal arteries (old ones regress)
47
some renal arteries remain during ascent of kidneys causing what
supernumerary renal arteries
48
hydronephrosis (enlarged kidney due to urine backup)
49
hydronephrosis is due to what
supernumerary artery blocking ureter
50
hydronephrosis
enlarged kidney due to urine backup
51
retroaortic L renal vein
52
persistent L IVC
53
aortic vascular ring (from L renal vein)
54
supernumerary renal veins
55
A. B. a.
A. kidney cyst B. AV malformation (arteriovenous) a. aorta
56
what has the same density in this CT
AV malformation and aorta
57
ectopic kidney
58
what are ectopic kidneys prone to
pyelonephritis
59
kidney infection due to short ureters (so close to bladder)
pyelonephritis
60
due to inferior mesenteric a. catching kidneys and stopping ascension
horse shoe kidney
61
this is associated with turners syndrome and trisomies
horse shoe kidney
62
rarest kidney anomaly (kidneys dont separate and remain in pelvis
pancake kidney
63
renal hypoplasia
64
supernumerary kidneys
65
unilateral renal agenesis
66
caused by bilateral renal agenesis and creates oligohydramnios (too little amniotic fluid)
Potter syndrome/Potter Facies
67
fetus is pressed against uterine wall and is subjected to uterine contractions
Potter syndrome/Potter Facies
68
how kidney transplants are done
donor kidney into external iliac v and a
69
cloaca is divided into what 3 things by urorectal septum
rectum, anus, urogenital sinus
70
3 portions of urogenital sinus
cranial, pelvic, caudal
71
2 main parts of cranial portion of urogenital sinus
Allantois, apex of the bladder
72
stimulates formation of umbilical blood vessels
allantois
73
allantois degenerates and becomes the _____ in adults
urachus
74
attached to the umbilicus and can potential site for cyst or fistula in adult
urachus
75
clear fluid filled and no seepage
cyst
76
clear fluid seepage
sinus
77
urine seepage outside (yellow fluid)
fistula
78
pelvic portion of urogenital sinus gives rise to what 5 structures
1. rest of bladder (except trigone and ureters--mesonephros) 2. prostate 3. prostatic urethra 4. membranous urethra 5. bulbourethral glands
79
black arrows
L: bulbourethral glands middle: membranous urethra R: Urogenital diaphragm
80
bladder congenital anomaly diverticuli
81
see poop while urinating
urorectal septal defect
82
caudal portion of urogenital sinus gives rise to what 2 structures
1. spongy urethra 2. penile urethra
83
only type of urethra seen in females
membranous urethra (not spongy or penile)
84
____ contributes to inner epithelial lining of urethra only of external genitalia
endoderm
85
all surrounding tissues for external genitalia derived from what
mesoderm
86
outer layer of penis derived from what
ectoderm
87
ventral (peeing on feet--undersurface of penis)
hypospadius
88
dorsal (peeing on face---top part of penis)
Epispadius
89
forms from urogenital sinus
bladder and prostate
90
what actually helps decrease risk of kidney stones and UTI's
the flow of urine
91
what leads to an increased risk of UTI's and kidney stones
obstruction of ureteropelvic junction
92
most likely to affect one kidney
ureteropelvic junction obstruction
93
abnormal developing ureteric bud can lead to
renal agenesis
94
bilateral renal agenesis causes what syndrome
Potter syndrome

URN Biweekly 1 (21 decks)

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