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URN Biweekly 1 > Tubulo-interstitial Renal Disease > Flashcards

Tubulo-interstitial Renal Disease Flashcards

1
Q

normal BUN and creatinine

A

BUN: 7-21
creatinine: 1

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2
Q

> 3.5 urine protein/creatinine ratio

A

nephrotic syndrome

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3
Q

____ cardiac output goes to the kidney

A

25%

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4
Q

kidneys produce ____L of urine a day

A

1.5L

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5
Q

2 main acute tubular injury causes

A
  1. ischemia
  2. direct toxic injury
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6
Q

involvement of intrarenal blood vessels
decreased effective blood volume

A

ischemia

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7
Q

can be due to endogenous (myoglobin) or exogenous (drugs) agents

A

direct toxic injury

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8
Q

causes vasoconstriction and decreased GFR and urine output

A

ischemia

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9
Q

3 consequences of acute tubular injury:

A
  1. tubular backleak
  2. sloughed cells
  3. interstitial inflammation
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10
Q

____ causes both decreased GFR and urine output

A

obstruction

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11
Q

first thing you see clinically with acute tubular injury

A

oliguria
increased BUN

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12
Q

2nd thing you see clinically with acute tubular injury

A

oliguria
increased BUN
Na+ and H2O overload
hyperkalemia
metabolic acidosis

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13
Q

what happens during recovery of acute tubular injury

A

excessive renal output
loss of Na+ and H2O and K+

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14
Q

bacterial infections
burns
crush injuries
shock due to procedures

A

ischemic causes of acute tubular injury

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15
Q

Antibiotics
anesthetics
chemotherapy
heavy metals
radiographic agents
ethylene glycol

A

nephrotoxic causes of acute tubular injury

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16
Q

hemoglobinuria
myoglobinuria

A

combined ischemic and nephrotoxic causes of acute tubular injury

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17
Q

cell necrosis
occlusion of lumen
interstitial edema
leukocytes in vasa recta
epithelial regeneration

A

morphology of acute tubular injury

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18
Q

what 2 parts of tubular system of kidney are most affected by acute tubular injury

A

PCT and thick ascending limb

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19
Q
A

damage from acute tubular injury

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20
Q
A

nucleus degeneration seen in PCT

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21
Q
A

early acute tubular necrosis

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22
Q
A

advanced acute tubular necrosis

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23
Q
A

edema (interstitial debris)

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24
Q
A

extreme case of acute tubular necrosis

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25
regeneration phase of acute tubular necrosis (metaphase shown)
26
nephrotoxicity (oxalate buildup)
27
nephrotoxicity (oxalte buildup;crystals)
28
due to inflammatory injury of tubules and interstitium
tubulointerstitial nephritis
29
defects in concentrating ability of nephron
tubulointerstitial nephritis
30
polyuria/nocturia azotemia; increased urine Na+ conc.
tubulointerstitial nephritis
31
absence of nephritis or nephrotic syndrome
tubulointerstitial nephritis
32
edema +/- acute inflammation
morphology of acute TIN
33
mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate fibrosis tubular atrophy
chronic TIN
34
2 ways infections can cause tubulointerstitial nephritis
1. acute bacterial pyelonephritis 2. chronic pyelonephritis
35
toxins that can cause tubulointerstitial nephritis
Ab's diuretics NSAIDs
36
type of hypersensitivity rxns from drugs causing tubulointerstitial nephritis
type I or IV
37
kidney injury in 3 ways
38
takes up to 15 days and will first have fever, rash, joint pain
acute drug-induced interstitial nephritis
39
fever, rash, joint pain + hematuria, mild proteinuria, leukocyturia and increased BUN/creatinine
acute drug-induced interstitial nephritis
40
necrosis edema eosinophils
morphology of acute drug-induced interstitial nephritis
41
acute drug-induced interstitial nephritis
42
acute drug-induced interstitial nephritis
43
injury to renal pyramid
papillary necrosis seen
44
papillary necrosis
45
papillary necrosis
46
2 main causes of papillary necrosis
diabetes sickle cell disease
47
tumor lysis syndrome; crystals block tubules (type of urate nephropathy)
acute uric acid nephropathy
48
gouty nephropathy (type of urate nephropathy)
chronic urate nephropathy
49
3rd type of urate nephropathy
nephrolithiasis
50
urate nephropathy (crystals)
51
urate nephropathy (crystals)
52
hypercalcemia and tubular defects
nephrocalcinosis
53
Calcium phosphate deposits (nephrocalcinosis)
54
50% of patients with ______ develop renal insufficiency
multiple myeloma (plasma cell myeloma)
55
bence jones proteinuria amyloidosis hypercalcemia
myeloma kidney
56
obstruction of tubules by Bence Jones-Tamm-Horsfall complexes
light chain cast nephropathy (myeloma kidney)
57
inflammatory reaction seen and cracking of amyloid
myeloma kidney
58
plasma cell (multiple myeloma)
59
cracking of Amyloid (myeloma kidney)
60
giant cell rxn and cracking of amyloid (myeloma kidney)

URN Biweekly 1 (21 decks)

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