Wars of Religion and the Clash of Worldviews

Question 1

The second deadliest European religious war behind the Thirty Years War:

Answer 1

French war of religion

Question 2

French Calvinists:

Answer 2

Huguenots

Question 3

St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre:

Answer 3

Reigniting the French war of religion.

Question 4

The Edict of Nantes:

Answer 4

Granted French Huguenots religious toleration ending the french wars of religion.

Question 5

By placing order and the security of the state above matters of faith.

Answer 5

Henry lV brought the French wars of Religion to an end.

Question 6

Philip ll of Spain
A deeply devout catholic, determined:

Answer 6

To restore catholic unity in Europe, and lead the Christian defense against the Muslims.

Question 7

The Netherlands
Religion toleration developed for pragmatic reasons:

Answer 7

The central government lacked the power to enforce religious orthodoxy.

Question 8

Make Amsterdam the wealthiest city in Europe for 200 years:

Answer 8

The leading money market, commodities market, and arms dealing market in the world.

Question 9

Spanish soldiers sacked Amsterdam, killing 8,000 people and burning 1000 buildings in 11 days of horror:

Answer 9

“Spanish fury”

Question 10

In response to the execution of the Catholic Monarch, Philip ll of Spain:

Answer 10

Sent the famous Spanish Armada to crush England.

Question 11

The most destructive and the deadliest European religious war, resulting in eight million casualties:

Answer 11

The Thirty Years War

Question 12

The Peace of Augsburg:

Answer 12

The most important, it established that all princes enjoyed the right to determine the religion of their lands and subjects. Excluded Calvinists.

Question 13

The Bohemian Revolt:

Answer 13

The battle of white mountain 1620.

Question 14

Was a bohemian Protestant converted Catholic Duke of Mecklenalay offered his service to Emperor Ferdinand ll:

Answer 14

Von Wallenstein

Question 15

In 1630 transforming what had been simply the Emperor, attempt to curb the Protestant state, into full-scale war in Europe.

Answer 15

Sweden intervened

Question 16

Cardinal Richelieu, King Louis Xiii’s chief minister. His chief foreign policy objective _____________________________________________________________________ in the 30 years war that engulfed Europe.

Answer 16

Was to check the power of the Austro-Spanish Habsburg dynasty, and to ensure French dominance.

Question 17

Raison d’etat (reason for state):

Answer 17

That is the states interest above all else.

Question 18

The Peace of Westphalia 1648:

Answer 18

It was the first time a diplomatic congress was convened that brought all parties together to create and guarantee a treaty.

Question 19

France replaces Spain at the power on the continent:

Answer 19

Placing the state’s interest above all other interests.

Question 20

Treaty of Westphalia: International warfare would be undertaken for reasons:

Answer 20

National security, Political ambition, or Dynastic pride

Question 21

Secularization:

Answer 21

The state is officially neutral in matters of religion.

Question 22

Rene Descartes: French mathematician and philosopher. He argued that all prior assumptions should be discarded in favor of one basic principle:

Answer 22

“I think, therefore I am”

Question 23

Sir Isaac Newton
He believed that by demonstrating that the physical universe followed rational principles to prove:

Answer 23

The existence of God.

Question 24

Magic and science had long been associated with each other as two forms of:

Answer 24

Intellectual pursuit

Question 25

80% of accused witches were:

Answer 25

Women

Question 26

Economic balance of power shifted away from the Mediterranean countries:

Answer 26

English, Dutch, and French colonies in the new world.

Question 27

Between 1550-1600 the population of Europe increased:

Answer 27

Introduction of new foods from America, crop rotation and animal husbandry.