From Centralization to Fragmentation

Question 1

The emperors created:

Answer 1

Stronger more centralized governments

Question 2

Was the cultural and commercial capital of the Christian world:

Answer 2

Constantinople

Question 3

Byzantine emperors:
To enhance commerce and control it, they issued trading permits:

Answer 3

Jews, Venetians, Genoans

Question 4

Byzantine emperor Constantine will reconstruct the central army in 755, calling it the:

Answer 4

Tagmata

Question 5

The Dynatoi:

Answer 5

Wealthy landowners who will dominate the senior levels of civil, military and ecclesiastical within the empire.

Question 6

Where images of Christian figures were banned from art and architecture:

Answer 6

Iconoclasm

Question 7

The Al-Andalus dynasty ___________________________________________________. This will create a flourishing and stable kingdom.

Answer 7

Will grant religious freedom to its Christian and Jewish inhabitants and allow them to live in accordance to their own laws.

Question 8

The Abbasids moved their capital from Damascus to Baghdad:

Answer 8

For its prosperous location near trade routes.

Question 9

Abbasids enter a period of decline:

Answer 9

Due to their inability to raise sufficient tax revenue to support the massive army and large civil service administering the empire.

Question 10

Despite the multitude of ethnic group within the Muslim world the Arabic language provided a unifier as:

Answer 10

It was the language of the Qur’an, commerce and government throughout Islamic lands.

Question 11

Wealthy Muslims established and endowed schools for high learning:

Answer 11

Madrasa

Question 12

Al-Khwarizmi 780-850 wrote a book on Algebra:

Answer 12

Introduced the zero, the modern number system known as Arabic numerals.

Question 13

“Donation of Pepin”
Papal states until 1870:

Answer 13

Christianity in Italy was tied primarily to the European West and not the Byzantine East.

Question 14

Charlemagne created an empire that was based on the development between three elements:

Answer 14

The Roman past, The Germanic way of life, and the legacy of Christianity.

Question 15

To achieve this Charlemagne:

Answer 15

1. He forced baptism on pagans, like the saxons rather than voluntary conversion.
2. Palatine Chapel
3. Charlemagne had the Pope escorted back to Rome.

Question 16

Charlemagne ordered the cathedrals and monasteries to teach reading and writing to:

Answer 16

All who were able to learn.

Question 17

Just as Europe was on the verge of emerging from the Dark Ages ___________________ will throw them back into it.

Answer 17

The Viking Invasion

Question 18

Feudalism
Causes:

Answer 18

1. Collapse of the Carolingian Empire.
2. Attacks and invasions by Vikings, Muslims, and Magyars.

Question 19

Permanently divided the Carolingian Empire:

Answer 19

Treaty of Verdun

Question 20

Instead of buying military service with cash, great landholders gave land

Answer 20

(a fief)

Question 21

The individual who receives the land from the great landholders is called:

Answer 21

A Vassal

Question 22

At the lowest echelon of society were the peasants, also called:

Answer 22

“serfs”

Question 23

In exchange for living and working on his land, the lord offered his peasants:

Answer 23

Protection and a judicial system to negotiate peasant disputes.

Question 24

The rise of castellans is an important turning point in European history because it ensured that:

Answer 24

Rule would be local rather than centralized.