French Revolution Flashcards
Popular Sovereignty:
Authority derived from the people rather than from God or tradition.
3 classes called “Estates” or the orders of France:
- First Estate consisted of the clergy.
- Second Estate consisted of the Nobility.
- Third Estate consisted of everyone else.
Bourgeoisie:
Elite of wealthy commoners who were merchants, manufacturers, and professionals.
A body of deputies from the three estates or orders.
The Estates General
“Tennis Court Oath:”
They agreed not to separate until they had given France a constitution.
Bastille:
July 14, 1789, a huge fortified prison that symbolized royal authority.
Great Fear:
A period of panic and riot by rural peasants, amid rumors, “aristocratic conspiracy” to overthrow the Third Estate.
Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen:
“Men are born and remain free and equal in rights.”
Political “clubs” in French devotedly radical republican and left wing group:
Jacobins
The Slogans and values that will define the revolution:
Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity
Marat was assassinated by Charlotte Cordy, a Girondin sympathizer. Convention agreed to establish:
“Revolutionary armies and the committee of Public Safety.
Between September 5, 1793 and July 27, 1794. This period is called the:
Reign of Terror
French enlightenment thinkers believed if they could just get rid of __________________________________________________, humanity would enter a new Golden Age.
Religion, Monarchy, and Inequality.
To replace the Catholic Church:
Cult of Reason and Cult of Supreme Being.
Fearing for the safety of its members, in July 1794, the convention ended the Terror, by arresting and executing:
Robespierre and his followers
Dies with Robespierre:
Fear of another terror or a return to the oppressive monarchy that proceeded it.
Next the Directory sent Napoleon and an army to Egypt in 1789:
In the hopes of cutting off the British trade routes to India.
2nd century B.C. artifact will unlock the lost ancient Egyptian culture.
Rosetta Stone
Napoleon became ______________________, a title received from the ancient Roman Republic.
First Consul
Napoleon created an administrative Bureaucracy based on the ancient Roman ____________________ relationship.
Patron client
Napoleon’s civil Accomplishments
- The civil code of 1804:
It did not allow privileges based on birth (such as nobility). It allowed freedom of religion, equal protection under law for all males.
Napoleon’s military innovations:
- Creation of the Grande Armee
- The Corps
- Artillery
- Spy Network
It is regarded as the greatest victory achieved by Napoleon.
Austerlitz
Annexing some territories, Napoleon,
Napoleon abolished serfdom, eliminated seigneurial due, introduced the Napoleonic code, suppressed monasteries, subordinated church to state, and extended civil rights to Jews.
Will lead to increasing dissent in occupied territories:
Increased taxes and conscription to support conquests and occupations.
Resistance was greatest in:
Spain and Portugal
The continental system:
Napoleon’s attempt to isolate Great Britain by forbidding any Nations from trading with them.
Deep into Russia:
Borodina
Leipzig:
Battle of the Nations
The french senate deposed Napoleon in March 1814, and exiled him to the:
Island of Elba
Congress of Vienna declared Napoleon an:
Outlaw
The objective of the Congress was to provide a long-term peace plan for Europe by settling critical issues arising from the French Revolutionary wars and the Napoleonic wars.
Congress of Vienna
Conservatives believed in:
Order, society, and the state, faith, and tradition.
Political Instability in South America:
Monroe Doctrine
