The Heirs of Rome Flashcards
Islam means:
“Submission to God”
Followers of Islam are called Muslims which means:
“One who submits”
The framework of Muslim life is in- The 5 pillars of Islam:
- Testimony of Faith (The Shahada)
- Salat (Daily Prayers)
- Giving Zakat (Support the Needy)
- Fast of Ramadan
- Hajj or Pilgrimage to Mecca
Muslims view Muhammad as the:
The Prophet
Revelations known as the _______________ (recitation), the holy scripture of Islam
Qur’an
Jihad:
“Striving in the way of God”
Muhammad united the tribes as one large tribe.
Persuasion, negotiation, and force
External factors:
The Byzantine and Sassanid empires were exhausted from just having fought a bitter war against each other
Spiritual leader of Islam, claiming succession from Muhammad.
Caliph
The Division of Islam:
Sunni
Shiites
The loss of the Balkans effectively cut the Byzantine off ____________ and _________________ from the former western Empire.
Culturally and Economically
The Byzantines were able to repel the Muslim invasion and stabilize their empire with the introduction of a powerful new weapon called:
“Greek Fire”
Byzantine Emperors broke the empire into military districts called Themes:
Strategos
Western Europe resulting from the the collapse of Rome institutions and the increasing association between politics and religion:
The kings sought to bolster their authority through religious means.
The Pope had conflicts with the Byzantine emperor’s over:
Increasing taxes, priestly marriage, and the worship of icons.
Will rank among the most powerful men in Merovingian society.
Catholic Bishops
Charles Martel called:
Charles the Hammer
Between 721-725 Martel defeated and incorporated Neustria and Burgundy:
Critical source of manpower and resources (wealth)
During the Early Middle Ages, troops were only available:
After the crops had been planted and before harvesting time.
Martel paid for his army:
By conficating church properties and lands.
Christians simply call ALL Muslims:
Saracen
Was the strength of Abdul-Rahman Al Ghafiqi Army
Cavalry
The strength of the Frank Army was its:
Infantry Foot Soldiers
Part of Charles Martel’s military brilliance:
Was his ability to pick the time and place of his battles.
The Turning Point:
Abdul-Rahman Al Ghafiqi was killed.
Martel became the master of Western Europe and the:
“Defender of the Faith”
Charles Martel’s grandson _____________________ was the greatest kind of the Middle Ages:
Charlemagne
Significance of the Battle of Tours:
The defensive turning point in the struggle against Islam, a struggle which preserved Christianity as the religion of Europe.
