1st Semester Review

Question 1

List the 4 types of societies:

Answer 1

1. Hunting and Gathering
2. Horticultural
3. Pastoral
4. Agricultural

Question 2

The worship of more than one god:

Answer 2

Polytheism

Question 3

The construction and maintenance of canals:

Answer 3

Necessitated the creation of a centralized government.

Question 4

List the 3 main reasons for slavery in ancient times:

Answer 4

1. Prisoners of war
2. Voluntarily selling themselves (escape starvation or debts)
3. Born a slave

Question 5

Sargon the Great:

Answer 5

Creates the first recorded Empire in western civilization.

Question 6

Silt:

Answer 6

The river produced/left silt deposits that enriched the soil and diluted harmful mineral salts.

Question 7

Compare and contrast Mesopotamian and Egyptian religions:

Answer 7

Sumarian:
1. Unpredictable power of the gods (behaved like overgrown children). Unleashing devastating floods and war on humans for no rational reason.
2. To pacify the gods thus avoiding divine punishment.

Same:
1. Polytheism
2. Centered around religion

Egypt:
1. Far more benevolent and helpful to humans. Kings were regarded as helpful divinity in human form.
2. Pyramids were constructed as burial complexes at which Egyptians could worship Egypt’s god-king after they died.

Question 8

Israelites had to follow a strict religious and moral code:

Answer 8

The 10 Commandments

Question 9

Iliad and The Odyssey:

Answer 9

Greece’s most famous author, Homer who wrote the epic poems.

Question 10

The most important Oracle in Greece:

Answer 10

Oracle of Delphi

Question 11

Helots:

Answer 11

Slaves of the Spartan city, states who were Greek in origin.

Question 12

Hellenic League:

Answer 12

31 Greek city-states formed a coalition called the Hellenic League to resist the Persian invasion.

Question 13

An ancient Greek teaching style:

Answer 13

Socratic Method

Question 14

Amnesty:

Answer 14

The new regine determined to settle the internal strife )desire for revenge) that threatening to tear Athens apart issued the first know amnesty in western history.

Question 15

Plato rulers:

Answer 15

Philosopher Kings

Question 16

List the 3 military reforms instituted by Philip of Macedonia:

Answer 16

1. Philip was the first in the ancient world to create a professional army.
2. He nearly doubled the length of the spears in the traditional Greek Phalanx.
3. Used the cavalry as a strike force to soften up the enemy.

Question 17

Alexander’s tutor:

Answer 17

Aristotle

Question 18

What a ruler who holds absolute power:

Answer 18

Typically will exercise it in a cruel or oppressive way.

Question 19

The most famous and enduring governmental body of the ancient world:

Answer 19

The Senate

Question 20

Virtue:

Answer 20

The highest value was Virtus (virtue), manliness, which emphasized strength, loyalty, and courage, especially in war.

Question 21

The Patron Client System:

Answer 21

A system/institution based on a network of relationships characterized by mutual obligations.

Question 22

Who possessed the authority to veto any legislation:

Answer 22

Tribunes

Question 23

List the 2 most significant Roman inventions:

Answer 23

1. Concrete
2. Roman arches

Question 24

What were the 2 sources of Augustus’s true power:

Answer 24

Controlled the state’s treasury and loyalty of the army.

Question 25

Goal of the Principate:

Answer 25

Was stability and order not political freedom.

Question 26

The cornerstone of Christian faith:

Answer 26

Resurrection of Jesus

Question 27

The biggest argument of the early church:

Answer 27

Trinity

Question 28

Constantine the Great:

Answer 28

Eliminated his last rival in 324 to become the sole ruler of a unified empire.

Question 29

The Nicene Creed:

Answer 29

A declaration and summary of the Christian faith.

Question 30

Constantinople:

Answer 30

Establishing his new capital in the city of Byzantium in 324.

Question 31

Justinian:

Answer 31

Eastern Empire Justinian l for 20 years attempts to reunite the empire.

Question 32

A massive tribal confederation:

Answer 32

The Huns

Question 33

What does Islam mean:

Answer 33

Submission to God

Question 34

Qur’an:

Answer 34

Revelations known as the Qur’an (recitation), the holy scripture of Islam.

Question 35

What are the 2 divisions of Islam:

Answer 35

1. Sunni
2. Shiites

Question 36

The most powerful men in Merovingian society:

Answer 36

Catholic Bishops

Question 37

What was Charles Martel called:

Answer 37

Charles the Hammer

Question 38

What was Charles Martel’s military brilliance:

Answer 38

Was his ability to pick the time and place of his battles.

Question 39

Coveted title in Western Europe:

Answer 39

Defender of the Faith

Question 40

Greatest king of the Middle Ages:

Answer 40

Charlemagne

Question 41

Significance of the Battle of Tours:

Answer 41

The decisive turning point in the struggle against Islam, a struggle which preserved Christianity as the religion of Europe.

Question 42

What was the period (725-870) in the Byzantine Empire where images of Christian figures were banned from art and architecture called:

Answer 42

Iconoclasm

Question 43

Why will the Abbasids move their capital from Damascus to Baghdad:

Answer 43

For its prosperous location near trade routes.

Question 44

Wealthy Muslims will established and endowed schools for higher learning called:

Answer 44

Madrasa

Question 45

Just as Europe was on the verge of emerging from the Dark Ages, what will throw them back into it:

Answer 45

The Viking Invasions

Question 46

List the 2 causes that lead to the emergence of Feudalism:

Answer 46

1. Collapse of the Carolingian Empire.
2. Attacks and invasions by Vikings, Muslims, and Magyars.

Question 47

A Vassal:

Answer 47

The individual who receives the land from the great landholders.

Question 48

Who dominated the long distance trade routes during medieval times:

Answer 48

The Italians

Question 49

Investiture Conflict:

Answer 49

Was the most significant conflict between church and state in medieval Europe.

Question 50

God wills it:

Answer 50

This will become the rallying cry for the crusaders throughout the crusades.

Question 51

Legends of this orders secret rituals, huge wealth and lost treasures have long fascinated conspiracy theorists for centuries:

Answer 51

Knights Templar

Question 52

List the 3 significances of the Battle of Hastings:

Answer 52

1. England’s political shift from the Scandinavian world to continental Europe.
2. Domesday Book
3. Birth of the Modern English Language.