The Atlantic System Flashcards
Atlantic system became a web of trade routes that bound together _________________________________________ and became the hub of European expansion throughout the world.
Western europe, africa, and the america’s
Plantations:
Large tracts of land owned by colonial settlers, farmed by slave labor and produced staple crops.
Europeans imported _______________________ from Central and South America. From West Indies they imported ___________. From the colonies in North America they imported ___________________________________________.
(Fill in the blank)
1. Precious Metals
2. Sugar
3. Timber, fish, tobacco, and furs.
Peninsular:
Those born in Spain.
Mestizo:
A person born to a Spanish father and a native mother.
Creoles:
Born in America of spanish parents.
To expand its trade in the west of the world, Europeans:
Seized territories and tried to establish permanent settlements.
Coffeehouses:
Where people could meet socially and discuss business and politics.
3 Main reasons for the population explosion:
- Better weather produced bountiful harvests.
- Improved agricultural techniques.
- The disappearance of the Plague after 1720.
By 1750 _________ is Europe’s largest city.
London
Conspicuous consumption:
The consumption of luxuries on a lavish scale in an attempt to enhance one’s prestige.
50 years of warfare 1700-1750 saw 3 important developments:
- A new power Alignment arose.
- A coalition of powers held France in check on the continent. - The British rise and Dutch decline.
- Russia’s emergence as a European power.
Strategic importance- Bank of England:
Enabled the government to raise money at low interest for foreign wars.
Russia had defeated Sweden considered to be one of the world’s best militaries, and the victory overturned the view that Russia was militarily incompetent.
Battle of Poltava
Peter the Great:
Expanded the Russian state into a much larger empire. Lead a cultural revolution in Russia to modernize them along western standards.
Peter introduced numerous reforms:
- Founded the Russian Academy of Science.
- Replaced the Russian calendar with the Julian calendar.
- Adopted European fashions and banned beards for me and veils for women.
- Modernized the army and built a Navy.
Symbolized Russia’s “opening to the west.”
St. Petersburg
The Table of Ranks:
A formal list of positions and ranks in the military, government, and court of Imperial Russia. All social and material advantages now depended on serving the crown.
What was the Enlightenment?
It was a cultural movement of intellectuals in 18th century Europe and the American colonies.
What was the purpose of the Enlightenment?
- To reform society using reason.
- To advance knowledge through science.
What did the Enlightenment oppose?
Superstition, intolerance, and some abuses by church and state.
The central doctrines of the Enlightenment philosophers were:
Individual liberty and religious tolerance.
A significant criticism of the Enlightenment was that its followers:
Subjected everything to criticism and challenged both political and religious authority.
The 3 main reasons for immigration to the “New World” were:
Economic, political, and religious freedom.
