The Age of Discovery and the Reformation

Question 1

Discovery Causes:

Answer 1

• Economics: Desire for an all water route to China and India for the valuable spice trade.
• Driven by their desire to use potential gold and riches in future crusades against Islam.
• Religious fervency, to spread Christianity to the non-believers.

Question 2

The Treaty of Tordesillas 1494:

Answer 2

To avoid future conflicts between Spain and Portugal, Pope Alexander Vl helped negotiate a treaty dividing current and future discoveries.

Question 3

Called Aztecs by the Europeans:

Answer 3

Mexica

Question 4

Conquered the Inca:

Answer 4

Francisco Pizarro

Question 5

Spanish gold and silver from the new world causes:

Answer 5

Inflation to soar

Question 6

The Columbian Exchange:

Answer 6

The movement of people, animals, plants, manufactured goods, precious metals, and diseases between Europe, America, and Africa.

Question 7

Spaniards brought to the New World:

Answer 7

1. Christianity
2. Iron Technology
3. Sailing Ships
4. Firearms
5. Wheeled Vehicles
6. Horses
7. Old World Viruses

Question 8

Johannes Gutenberg:
- Printing press and moveable type.
A key role in the development:

Answer 8

Of the Renaissance, Reformation, the Age of Enlightenment, and the Scientific Revolution.

Question 9

In 1517 Martin Luther:
- Movement that will forever split the western church.

Answer 9

Nailed his 95 theses on church reform to the Wittenberg church doors.

Question 10

Luther had 2 major issues:

Answer 10

Salvation and Indulgences

Question 11

Wartenberg Castle ________________________ a significance that was influenced by the emergence of the German language.

Answer 11

Translated the Bible into German.

Question 12

One group that was extremely supportive and influential for Luther:

Answer 12

Evangelicals

Question 13

Predestination:

Answer 13

God ordained “the Elect” (small group) to salvation or damnation even before the creation of the world.

Question 14

Was Europe’s largest and most widespread popular uprising prior to the French Revolution of 1789:

Answer 14

The peasants war of 1525.

Question 15

Act of Supremacy:

Answer 15

Created the Church of England and made Henry and subsequent English monarchs the head of the new church.

Question 16

The Council of Trent, results of the counci:

Answer 16

1. The church was the ultimate authority on the bible, anyone else was a heretic.
2. Salvation depended on both faith and good works not just faith.
3. Banned the selling of indulgences.

Question 17

The pope also created a new priest order to combat the Protestants and to convert the heathers to Christianity:

Answer 17

The Jesuits

Question 18

Father of modern political science:

Answer 18

Niccolo Machiavelli

Question 19

Was one of the most influential royal houses in all of Europe:

Answer 19

The House of Habsburg

Question 20

In 1535, Francis l forges an alliance with the ____________________ against Charles V:

Answer 20

Muslim Turks

Question 21

Royal revenues could not keep up with military expenditures.
The solutions:

Answer 21

1. The devalued their coinage.
2. They borrowed

Question 22

The Peace of Augsburg:

Answer 22

The most important, it established that all Princes, enjoyed the right to determine the religion of their lands and subjects. Excluded Calvinists.