Absolutism, Constitutionalism, and Search for Order Flashcards
An ardent believer in the divine right of kings. A system of absolute monarchical ruler.
Louis XlV
The conflict began:
1648 when Cardinal Mazarin levied a tax on judicial officers. When they refused to pay and demanded the right to approve new taxes, he had the leaders arrested.
The Fronde’s goal:
Was to protect their ancient liberties from royal encroachments. Not to overthrow the king.
Results of the Fronde:
Louis centralized the army under his direct control.
The Gardens reflected the spirit of Louis XlV’s rule, their geometrical arrangement and clear lines showed:
That art and design could tame nature. That order and control defined the exercise of power.
Absolutism:
A system of government in which the ruler claims sole and uncontestable power.
Louis will achieve absolutism by making everyone dependent upon him:
Using a systematic policy of:
Bestowing pensions, offices and honors (titles of nobility), gifts, and the threat of disfavor or punishment.
Nobility of the sword:
Family members, princes, old military based nobility.
Intendants:
Holders of a public administrative office.
Intendants performed 3 main functions:
- Collection of taxes
- Financing public projects
- Provisioning of the army
Mercantilism:
Government must intervene to increase national wealth by whatever means possible.
Louis XlV embark on a series of wars that will earn him the nickname:
The Christian Turk
The war of spanish succession:
Charles ll, King of Spain died. Leaving no male heir. Attempted to unify the French and the Spanish crowns and controlled a vast empire.
Unlike Louis, he recognized:
Noble dominance over the land in exchange for state service.
True contribution to absolutism in his realm war the:
Quadrupling of his army
Parliaments most indispensable power:
Was in ability to raise tax revenues far in excess of all other source of revenue at the crown disposal.
Be England had no single constitutional document ________________________________________________________________ regulated relations between king and Parliament.
A variety of laws, judicial decisions, charters, petitions, and customary procedures.
The scots riot and then invade England:
Archbishop of canterbury issued the Book of common prayer to enforce uniform rules of worship in England, Scotland, and Wales.
The long Parliament passed 3 laws in order to place limits on the kings absolute monarchical rule:
- Parliament should convene once every 3 years.
- Made it illegal for the king to impose taxes without Parliamentary consent.
- Parliament passed a law forbidding the king to dissolve it without its consent.
Fought for parliament:
Roundheads
Fought for king:
Cavaliers
Levellers:
Who wanted to “level” social differences and extended political participation to all male property owners.
Charles l was found guilty:
Of attempting to establish, “an unlimited and tyrannical power.”
The Cromwellian Rump Parliament then abolished the monarchy and the House of Lords and set up a Puritan Republic known as the:
Commonwealth of England
Parliament passed the Test Act of 1673:
Requiring all government officials to profess allegiance to the church of England.
Supported a strong hereditary monarchy and the church of England.
Tories
Advocated Parliamentary supremacy, and toleration of Protestant dissenters.
Whigs
Glorious Revolution:
Power shifted without spilling blood.
In the book, Hobbes argued in favor of:
Absolutism
According to Hobbes, the fundamental attributes of Human are:
- Desire
- The will to survive
- Esteem and Recognition
Giving up _____________________________ collective security.
Personal liberty
Governments only purpose was to:
Protect life, Liberty, and Property
Assembly of the Lord:
A proto-parliamentary institution that was summoned irregularly that consisted of noble delegates and religious leaders from the provinces.
Code of 1649:
The price for this?
The nobles owed absolute obedience to the Tsar and were required to serve in the army.
