From the Classical to the Hellenistic World CH 4

Question 1

By 338 Athens and her allies are defeated at the Battle of Chaeronea, by the armies of _____________________________ effectively ending Athenian independence.

Answer 1

Philip ll of Macedonia

Question 2

Plato argues against Democracy

Answer 2

For Plato, Democracy allows uneducated, irrational, and injudicious (showing very poor judgement) citizens to make decisions.

Question 3

Those who attain the highest level of knowledge should rule as

Answer 3

“Philosopher Kings”

Question 4

The reasons for the rise of Macedonian power (3):

Answer 4

1. They were hardier (tougher) than their Greek neighbors south, due to the harsher more continental climate in the north.
2. The disunity of the Southern Greek States.
3. The rise of King Philip ll

Question 5

His military reforms (3):

Answer 5

1. Philip was the first in the ancient world to create a professional army.
2. He nearly doubled the length of the spears in the traditional Greek phalanx.
3. Used the cavalry as a strike force to soften the enemy.

Question 6

Philip feared his powerfully strengthened army

Answer 6

Would cause the instability within his kingdom if they had nothing to do.

Question 7

Demonstrates the price for disloyalty and rebellion

Answer 7

In 335 Alexander destroyed Thebes

Question 8

In 343 Philip chose ___________ as Alexander’s tutor.

Answer 8

Aristotle

Question 9

Alexander was able to inspire his troops

Answer 9

By recklessly exposing himself to danger, fighting alongside them, and sharing their hardships and burdens.

Question 10

Alexander revealed his strategy for ruling a vast empire:
- He left Greeks and Macedonians in high ranking bureaucratic positions who:

Answer 10

• Were more loyal to Greece than the local inhabitants.
• This made the Greek Language the universal language, of the upper ranks throughout the empire.

Question 11

Alexander founded some twenty cities that bore his name, most of them east of the Tigris. The first, and greatest, was _________________________, which would become one of the leading Mediterranean cities.

Answer 11

Alexandria in Egypt

Question 12

Hellenization:

Answer 12

Is the process of spreading Greek culture by encouraging non-Greeks to live as Greeks

Question 13

Viewing his dazzling array of conquests, Alexander ultimately began to believe that was in fact

Answer 13

A god himself

Question 14

A ruler who holds absolute power, typically will exercise it in a cruel or oppressive way

Answer 14

Despots

Question 15

Hellenistic rulers spread Greek culture by building:

Answer 15

Gymnasiums, temples, theatres, and other public works projects