The Rise of Rome Flashcards
Rome’s neighbor to the North was the ________________.
Etruscans
The ritual of divination
Examining organs of slaughtered animals.
The seven kings of Rome:
1. They created the most famous and enduring government body
The Senate
In 509, the Roman nobility deposed the Etruscan kings and replaced the monarchy with an____________.
Aristocratic Republic
The highest value was Virtus (_________), manliness, which emphasized strength, loyalty, and courage, especially in war.
Virtue
Was Roman society’s bedrock because it taught values and determined ownership of property.
The Family
Romans in general, tended to be very tolerant towards most religion and cults, so long as they did__________________
not cause trouble
It was the Vestal virgins job
To keep the flame from going out those ensuring Rome’s protection
Traditional Roman values stressed virtue, fidelity to who first and foremost ______________________ which meant the (____________).
- the common good
- (Republic)
A system/institution based on a network of relationships characterized by mutial obligations.
Patron-Client System
Was a man of superior status who could offer financial and political assistant to the people of lower status
A Patron
Forum:
The city’s public center
Patricians:
Small group of aristocratic families who could trace their ancestry to one of the 100 Patricians at the founding of the city.
Plebeians
They were the majority of free Roman citizens of the lower cast,
The struggle between the classes began over:
- marriage
- Wealthy Plebeians insisted on the right to marry Patricians as social equals.
The number on bargaining chip for the Plebeians during this period was the refusal of
Military service
Who possessed the authority to veto any legislation and contradict any advice from the Senate if they deemed it harmful or injurious to the Plebeians.
Tribunes
A written law code in 451 B.C.E. establishing basic procedural rights for all Roman citizens. Best protection against social strife.
The Twelve Tables
By 287 the Plebeian assembly was making laws that were binding on ALL Romans called
Plebiscites
Membership to ALL assemblies required
Previous military service
Centuriate Assembly:
Only the Centuriate Assembly:
Could declare war and elect the top 3 Magistrates
The highest office in the Republic of Rome.
Consuls
The Senate possessed 3 important powers:
- They controlled the Treasury
- They controlled the state religions and oversaw the cults.
- In a state of emergency the Senate could name a dictator.
The 2 main reasons for Rome’s remarkable expansion:
Fear from attacks and desire for wealth
Approach to governance of conquered foes
The Hammer in the Velvet Glove
The 2 most significant Roman inventions that enabled them to build throughout the Mediterranean world:
Concrete and The Roman Arches
Were constructed up and down the Italian Peninsula for quick troop movement.
Roads
That enabled the cities to grow
Aqueducts
Worst Roman military defeat EVER!
Battle of Cannae
Supporting the common people
Populares
Supporting the social elites or status que.
Optimates
Marius initiated reforms to allow landless rural residents and urban workers into the army.
Gaius Marius
The First Triumvirate (3 people)
Pompey, Crassus, Julius Caesar
Caesar’s reign and significantly importance/popular policies:
- Moderate debt relief, especially for his allies.
- A large scale program of public works.
- Colonies (land) for his veterans.
- Expanded citizenship.
- Clemency for his political enemies.
March 15, 44 BC
The Ides of March
