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Western Civ. > 2nd Semester Review > Flashcards

2nd Semester Review Flashcards

1
Q

Who dominated the long distance trade routes during medieval times?

A

The Italians

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2
Q

What was the most significant conflict between church and state in medieval Europe?

A

Investiture conflict

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3
Q

What will become the rallying cry for the crusaders throughout the crusades?

A

God wills it

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4
Q

Legends of this order secret rituals, huge wealth and lost treasures have long fascinated conspiracy theorists for centuries.

A

The Knights Templar

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5
Q

List the significance of the Battle of Hastings.

A
  1. England political shift from the Scandinavian world to continental Europe.
  2. Domesday book
  3. Birth of the Modern English Language.
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6
Q

Explain the 2 important provisions within the Magna Carta.

A
  1. Protection for the barons from illegal imprisonment.
  2. New taxation only with baronial consent and limitations on scutage.
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7
Q

By 1215 the Mongols had conquered most of China under their powerful leader:

A

Genghis Khan

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8
Q

Who was the most famous of all Venetian merchants?

A

Marco Polo

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9
Q

Name the great plague that ends in 1352 with the deaths of 1/3 to 3/5’s of the European population.

A

The Black Death

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10
Q

What French peasant girl turned the longstanding Anglo-French conflict into a religious war?

A

Joan of Arc

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11
Q

The Renaissance originated in what Italian city?

A

Florence

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12
Q

Define the Columbian Exchange.

A

The movement of people, animals, plants, manufactured goods, precious metals, and diseases between Europe, America, and Africa.

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13
Q

What were Martin Luther’s 2 major issues with the church?

A

Salvation and Indulgences.

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14
Q

Pope Paul lll created a new priest order to combat the Protestants and to convert the heathens to Christianity. What was this new order of priests called?

A

The Jesuits

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15
Q

What was the name of one of the most influential royal houses of Europe? The House of Charles V of Spain.

A

The House of Habsburg

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16
Q

What were French Calvinists called?

A

Huguenots

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17
Q

In response to the execution of the Catholic Monarch, Mary Queen of Scots, Philip ll of Spain:

A

Sent the famous Spanish Armada to crush England.

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18
Q

Name the King who was an ardent believer in the divine right of kings and will create a system of absolute monarchical rule?

A

Louis XIV

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19
Q

Define absolutism:

A

A system of government in which the ruler claims sole and uncontestable power.

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20
Q

Define Mercantilism:

A

Government must intervene to increase national wealth by whatever means possible.

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21
Q

Name given to those who fought for Parliament?

A

Roundheads

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22
Q

Name given to those who fought for the King?

A

Cavaliers

23
Q

The Cromwellian Rump Parliament then abolished the monarchy and the House of Lords and set up a Puritan Republic known as the:

A

Commonwealth of England

24
Q

What city symbolized Russia’s opening to the west?

A

St. Petersburg

25
Q

John Locke argues that the governments only purpose was to protect what?

A

Protect life, liberty, and property

26
Q

Define the following: mestizo, peninsular, and creoles.

A
  1. Person born to a spanish father and native mother.
  2. Born in spain.
  3. Born in america of spanish parents.
27
Q

Explain the strategic importance of the creation of the Bank of England.

A

Enabled the government to raise money at low interests for foreign war.

28
Q

What were the 2 central doctrines of the Enlightenment philosophers?

A

Individual liberty and religious tolerance.

29
Q

Who were the executive authority in the colonies, tasked with carrying out the Kings instructions?

A

Royal governors

30
Q

What were the 3 main reasons for immigration to the New World?

A

Economic, political, and religious tolerance.

31
Q

List the 4 Coercive Acts:

A
  1. Boston Port Act
  2. Massachusetts Government Act
  3. Impartial Administration of Justice Act
  4. Quartering Act
32
Q

The Second Continental Congress issued a Declaration of Independence on what day?

A

July 4, 1776

33
Q

A body of deputies from the three estates or orders.

A

Estates General

34
Q

Know what the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen proclaimed.

A

Men are born and remain free and equal in rights.

35
Q

Know what the slogans and values that will define the French revolution are.

A
  1. Liberty
  2. Equality
  3. Fraternity
36
Q

2nd century B.C. artifact that will unlock the lost ancient Egyptian culture.

A

Rosetta Stone

37
Q

The objective of the congress was to provide a long-term peace plan for Europe by settling critical issues arising from the French Revolutionary wars and the Napoleonic wars.

A

Congress of Vienna

38
Q

Know what America’s reaction to the political instability in South America during the 1820’s was:

A

Monroe Doctrine

39
Q

Causes of WWl.

A
  1. Nationalism
  2. Militarism: Germany’s rise as a world power.
  3. Imperialism
  4. Entangling Alliances
40
Q

Reasons for American Involvement:

A
  1. Economics
  2. Unrestricted submarine warfare.
  3. Anti-german propaganda
41
Q

This clause (provision) forced Germany to accept responsibility for the war.

A

War guilt clause

42
Q

Point 14: General Association of Nations. To guarantee the security of great and small nations alike.

A

League of Nations

43
Q

What NAZI stands for:

A

National socialists german workers party.

44
Q

Results of the failed Putsch:

A
  1. The trial publicity makes Hitler a national figure.
  2. He writes Mein Kampf.
  3. He decides to take power legally.
45
Q

Western Democracies policy of accepting Hitler’s demands in order to avoid conflict.

A

Appeasement

46
Q

Hitler invades Poland. WWll begins.

A

September 1, 1939

47
Q

Reasons Hitler invades Russia:

A
  1. Heart of communism
  2. It’s where the Lebensraum is to be found.
  3. It’s home to the largest jewish population in the world.
48
Q

Desert Fox:

A

Field Marshall Erwin Rommel

49
Q

The U.S. will give $46 billion in aid.

A

Lend-lease

50
Q

Axis and Allies Countries and Leaders:

A

Allied
- America: FDR
- England: Winston Churchill
- Russia: Joseph Stalin

Axis
- Germany: Adolf Hitler
- Italy: Benito Mussolini
- Japan: Hideki Tojo

51
Q

D-Day:

A

June 6, 1944

52
Q

Conference considered a “sellout” by FDR:

A

Yalta Conference

53
Q

Supreme Allied Commander in Europe:

A

Dwight David Eisenhower

Western Civ. (21 decks)

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