2nd Semester Review Flashcards
Who dominated the long distance trade routes during medieval times?
The Italians
What was the most significant conflict between church and state in medieval Europe?
Investiture conflict
What will become the rallying cry for the crusaders throughout the crusades?
God wills it
Legends of this order secret rituals, huge wealth and lost treasures have long fascinated conspiracy theorists for centuries.
The Knights Templar
List the significance of the Battle of Hastings.
- England political shift from the Scandinavian world to continental Europe.
- Domesday book
- Birth of the Modern English Language.
Explain the 2 important provisions within the Magna Carta.
- Protection for the barons from illegal imprisonment.
- New taxation only with baronial consent and limitations on scutage.
By 1215 the Mongols had conquered most of China under their powerful leader:
Genghis Khan
Who was the most famous of all Venetian merchants?
Marco Polo
Name the great plague that ends in 1352 with the deaths of 1/3 to 3/5’s of the European population.
The Black Death
What French peasant girl turned the longstanding Anglo-French conflict into a religious war?
Joan of Arc
The Renaissance originated in what Italian city?
Florence
Define the Columbian Exchange.
The movement of people, animals, plants, manufactured goods, precious metals, and diseases between Europe, America, and Africa.
What were Martin Luther’s 2 major issues with the church?
Salvation and Indulgences.
Pope Paul lll created a new priest order to combat the Protestants and to convert the heathens to Christianity. What was this new order of priests called?
The Jesuits
What was the name of one of the most influential royal houses of Europe? The House of Charles V of Spain.
The House of Habsburg
What were French Calvinists called?
Huguenots
In response to the execution of the Catholic Monarch, Mary Queen of Scots, Philip ll of Spain:
Sent the famous Spanish Armada to crush England.
Name the King who was an ardent believer in the divine right of kings and will create a system of absolute monarchical rule?
Louis XIV
Define absolutism:
A system of government in which the ruler claims sole and uncontestable power.
Define Mercantilism:
Government must intervene to increase national wealth by whatever means possible.
Name given to those who fought for Parliament?
Roundheads
Name given to those who fought for the King?
Cavaliers
The Cromwellian Rump Parliament then abolished the monarchy and the House of Lords and set up a Puritan Republic known as the:
Commonwealth of England
What city symbolized Russia’s opening to the west?
St. Petersburg
John Locke argues that the governments only purpose was to protect what?
Protect life, liberty, and property
Define the following: mestizo, peninsular, and creoles.
- Person born to a spanish father and native mother.
- Born in spain.
- Born in america of spanish parents.
Explain the strategic importance of the creation of the Bank of England.
Enabled the government to raise money at low interests for foreign war.
What were the 2 central doctrines of the Enlightenment philosophers?
Individual liberty and religious tolerance.
Who were the executive authority in the colonies, tasked with carrying out the Kings instructions?
Royal governors
What were the 3 main reasons for immigration to the New World?
Economic, political, and religious tolerance.
List the 4 Coercive Acts:
- Boston Port Act
- Massachusetts Government Act
- Impartial Administration of Justice Act
- Quartering Act
The Second Continental Congress issued a Declaration of Independence on what day?
July 4, 1776
A body of deputies from the three estates or orders.
Estates General
Know what the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen proclaimed.
Men are born and remain free and equal in rights.
Know what the slogans and values that will define the French revolution are.
- Liberty
- Equality
- Fraternity
2nd century B.C. artifact that will unlock the lost ancient Egyptian culture.
Rosetta Stone
The objective of the congress was to provide a long-term peace plan for Europe by settling critical issues arising from the French Revolutionary wars and the Napoleonic wars.
Congress of Vienna
Know what America’s reaction to the political instability in South America during the 1820’s was:
Monroe Doctrine
Causes of WWl.
- Nationalism
- Militarism: Germany’s rise as a world power.
- Imperialism
- Entangling Alliances
Reasons for American Involvement:
- Economics
- Unrestricted submarine warfare.
- Anti-german propaganda
This clause (provision) forced Germany to accept responsibility for the war.
War guilt clause
Point 14: General Association of Nations. To guarantee the security of great and small nations alike.
League of Nations
What NAZI stands for:
National socialists german workers party.
Results of the failed Putsch:
- The trial publicity makes Hitler a national figure.
- He writes Mein Kampf.
- He decides to take power legally.
Western Democracies policy of accepting Hitler’s demands in order to avoid conflict.
Appeasement
Hitler invades Poland. WWll begins.
September 1, 1939
Reasons Hitler invades Russia:
- Heart of communism
- It’s where the Lebensraum is to be found.
- It’s home to the largest jewish population in the world.
Desert Fox:
Field Marshall Erwin Rommel
The U.S. will give $46 billion in aid.
Lend-lease
Axis and Allies Countries and Leaders:
Allied
- America: FDR
- England: Winston Churchill
- Russia: Joseph Stalin
Axis
- Germany: Adolf Hitler
- Italy: Benito Mussolini
- Japan: Hideki Tojo
D-Day:
June 6, 1944
Conference considered a “sellout” by FDR:
Yalta Conference
Supreme Allied Commander in Europe:
Dwight David Eisenhower
