Religious Reform & The Crusades

Question 1

Medieval Fairs:

Answer 1

Served as marketplaces

Question 2

Towns and Cities:
They tend to be located near sources of wealth and trade, such as:

Answer 2

Monasteries, castles, rivers, and seas.

Question 3

Long distance trade routes dominated by:

Answer 3

The Italians

Question 4

Guilds:

Answer 4

Were trade organizations that set prices, regulated working conditions, and determined quality.

Question 5

Iron became readily available to produce new improved:

Answer 5

Iron plows, armor, and weapons

Question 6

Reasons for underlying church reform:

Answer 6

1. Commercial revolution made the church corrupt.
2. The appointment of religious leaders by secular rulers.

Question 7

Simony

Answer 7

The sale of church offices

Question 8

Was the most significant conflict between the church and state in medieval Europe.

Answer 8

Investiture Conflict

Question 9

Concordat of Worms and its significance:

Answer 9

Strengthens the Pope’s position as head of the western church.

Question 10

The Great Schism of 1054

Answer 10

Occurs when a representative of the Roman Pope excommunicated the Patriarch of Constantinople, and the Patriarch excommunicated the Roman Pope in return.

Question 11

The immediate trigger:

Answer 11

The growing power of the Seljuk Turks

Question 12

This will become the rallying cry for the crusades throughout the crusades.

Answer 12

“God wills it”

Question 13

Is a way to reduce the amount of punishment one has to undergo for sins.

Answer 13

Indulgences

Question 14

Popes Motives:

Answer 14

1. The overwhelming number of mercenary armies and knights with no lords to serve.
   
   • Threatened to destabilize an already fragile political arrangement.
2. To win Christian control of Jerusalem and the Holy Land.
3. Strengthen the papacies Military and political position.

Question 15

The right of the road-

Answer 15

The freedom to travel throughout Europe unmolested.

Question 16

Pogroms:

Answer 16

(State organized massacres, especially of Jews)

Question 17

Godfrey of Bouillon took the title:

Answer 17

King of Jerusalem

Question 18

These military orders formed:

Answer 18

To protect the Christian states in the holy land and Christian pilgrims to the holy land.

Question 19

Legends of its secret rituals, huge wealth, and lost treasures habe long fascinated conspiracy theorists for centuries.

Answer 19

The Knights Templar7

Question 20

Set up a string of hospitals along the pilgrimage route from Europe to Jerusalem:

Answer 20

Knights Hospitaller

Question 21

Membership of the order was small and confined to Germans.

Answer 21

The Teutonic Knights

Question 22

At the Battle of Hattin, Saladin largely annihilated the combined armies.

Answer 22

Saladin

Question 23

The legacy of the Crusades:

Answer 23

1. The Crusaders enhanced the wealth and power of the Italian city-states particularly Venice, making the Venetians a super state in the Mediterranean.
2. The crusaders exacerbated the political disunity of the Sunni and Shi’ite Muslims.
3. Ignited a commercial dependence of eastern goods that will eventually lead to an age of discovery.

Question 24

With the support of the nobles Harold grabbed the crown and the day after Edwards burial Harold in the presence of all nobles wa crowned at:

Answer 24

Westminster Abbey

Question 25

William of Normandy was crowned King of England in Westminster Abbey.

Answer 25

In Christmas Day 1066

Question 26

Significance of the Battle:

Answer 26

1. England political shift from the Scandinavian world to Continental Europe.
2. The Domesday Book
3. The Birth of the Modern English Language.