W12-L3: Non-Nutritive Sweetners

Question 1

What are Natural Sweetners?

Answer 1

honey, maple syrup, stevia, coconut sugar, monk fruit

Question 2

What are the 2 Types of Artificial Sweetners?

Answer 2

Nutritive sweeteners
Non Nutritive sweeteners (NNS)

Question 3

What are Nutritive sweeteners?

Answer 3

e.g. sugar alcohols or polyols – xylitol,

Question 4

What are Non Nutritive sweeteners (NNS)?

Answer 4

• chemically derived sugar substitute, no energy value
• Much smaller amounts are needed to create the same level of sweetness due to their affinity for sweet taste receptors on the tongue

Question 5

What are the 5 tastes?

Answer 5

1. Sweet
2. Umami
3. Bitter
4. Salty
5. Sour

Question 6

What are examples of Sweeteners?

Answer 6

Question 7

What are the effects of poor diet and
dietary risk factors?

Answer 7

• Poor diet was found to be the leading risk factor of death and third leading risk factor for disability-adjusted life-years loss in the United States
• Globally, 11 million deaths and 255 million disability-adjusted life-years were attributable to dietary risk factors in 2017

Question 8

What are regulations and considerations regarding NNS?

Answer 8

To determine safety of NNS Health Canada considers probable intake, cumulative effects from all uses, and toxicological data in animals

The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) evaluates and confirms that the intake of artificial sweeteners, within the acceptable daily intake (ADI), does not cause cancer or other health-related problems, and are therefore safe for human consumption

Question 9

What is the Acceptable Daily Intake?

Answer 9

Establish Acceptable Daily Intake - the amount of a substance that is considered safe to consume each day over the course of a person’s lifetime, usually < 50mg/kg
* 11mg sweetener in bowl of special K; 200mg in diet coke can
* If an average individual weighs 70kgs then their ADI would be 3500mgs or 18 cans of diet coke

Question 10

DO NON NUTRITIVE
SWEETENERS AFFECT APPETITE?

Answer 10

• Reward system plays an important role in regulating energy intake
• NNS elicit weaker signals transmitted to areas involved in reward and satisfaction - demonstrated by using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
• NNS may not be potent secretagogues for GLP-1, PYY, and GIP - hormones which are released after sugar ingestion,
  cross the blood brain barrier and elicit effects on appetite
• Conclusion: NNS solely offer less reward compared to natural sugars, but they are almost never eaten in isolation and thus have not yet shown an impact on reward response

Question 11

Do NNS result in lower calorie intake and subsequently reduce body weight?

Answer 11

Question 12

2. Do consumers compensate for “calories saved” when consuming NNS?

Answer 12

Question 13

How does NNS affect weight loss?

Answer 13

“While they are not magic bullets, smart use of non-nutritive sweeteners could help you reduce added sugars in your diet, therefore lowering the number of calories you eat.

Reducing calories could help you attain and maintain a healthy body weight, and thereby lower your risk of heart disease and diabetes,”

Question 14

5-10% BODY WEIGHT LOSS CAMPAIGNS

Answer 14

Question 15

DO NON NUTRITIVE SWEETENERS
AFFECT GLUCOSE HOMEOSTASIS?

Answer 15

Question 16

Do sweertners cause cancer?

Answer 16

Question 17

SUMMARY

Answer 17