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Vet Tech Prep > VTP Diagnostic Imaging > Flashcards

VTP Diagnostic Imaging Flashcards

1
Q

How soon can pregnancy be identified by ultrasound in a horse?

A

11 days

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2
Q

When placing craniocaudal radiographs of the stifle joint how should film be oriented?

A
  1. Lateral side of right limb to the left
  2. Lateral side of left limb to the right
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3
Q

What is the earliest time a fetus can be seen on radiograph?

A

43 days

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4
Q

Which disorder does an intravenous pyelogram detect?

A

Ureteral stones

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5
Q

What condition is contraindicated for Upper GI radiographs using barium?

A

Aspiration pneumonia

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6
Q

What conditions are contraindicated for using iodide contrast agents?

A

dehydration and renal insufficiency because it causes osmotic diuresis

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7
Q

What causes yellow radiographs?

A

Problem with fixer solution

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8
Q

How is mAs calculated?

A

mA and time in seconds

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9
Q

Why is tungsten ideal material for an xray machine?

A
  1. High melting point
  2. High number of electrons
  3. Does not conduct heat
  4. High atomic number
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10
Q

What is the difference between screen film and non-screen film?

A

Non-screen film is more sensitive to xrays

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11
Q

How to increase radiographic density

A
  1. Increase energy of xrays
  2. Increase number of photons
  3. Decrease distance from source to film
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12
Q

What is the inverse square law?

A

Exposure at twice the distance will be reduce to 1/4. Therefore if object is twice as far away then MaS needs to be increased by 4

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13
Q

How do you avoid distortion with xrays?

A

xray beam should be perpendicular to the bones

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14
Q

What happens if bones are not perpendicular to the xray beam?

A

They are foreshortened

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15
Q

What happens if bones are not perpendicular to the cassette?

A

They are elongated

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16
Q

What are the properties of xrays compared to visible light?

A

Xrays have a higher frequency and shorter wavelengths

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17
Q

What type of urinary stones are translucent and dont show up on radiographs?

A

urate and cystine

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18
Q

What is rad

A

The basic unit of absorbed dose

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19
Q

What is rem

A

Applies a quality factor to rad

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20
Q

What is gray?

A

units of absorbed dose

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21
Q

What is sievert?

A

Units of effective absorbed dose

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22
Q

What is the metallic element on radiographs that turns black when exposed?

A

silver

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23
Q

What do you do if the radiograph appears much too light throughout the area of the patient?

A

Increase Kvp

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24
Q

When should abdominal radiographs be taken?

A

Full expiration

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25
Q

What appears hyperechoic or bright white on an ultrasound?

A

Bone and Gas

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26
Q

What would be enlarged on a chest radiograph of a dog with heartworm?

A

Pulmonary arteries

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27
Q

What components affect xray beam quality?

A

kVp and filtration

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28
Q

What material is MRI made of?

A

Aluminum

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29
Q

When is a tabletop technique used for radiographs?

A

When an image is not too thick typically less than 10 cm such as an elbow

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30
Q

When an abdominal radiograph shows a boxing glove shape of air what is it?

A

GDV

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31
Q

If an xray machine has the ability to use 2 different sized filaments at the cathode what is the advantage of using a larger filament?

A

Higher exposures can be used

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32
Q

What is the order and function of the fixer and developer?

A
  1. Developer converts
  2. Fixer dissolves
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33
Q

What is the purpose of the potty bucker diaphragm?

A

Eliminate grid lines on the film

34
Q

What are the three things you can do to minimize radiographic exposure?

A

time distance and shielding

35
Q

What technical error increases film density?

A

Focal-film distance is too short

36
Q

What technical errors decrease film density?

A
  1. mas too low
  2. Intensifying screen speed too slow
  3. Temperature too low
  4. KV settings to low
37
Q

What is the function of an xray cassette?

A

To decrease the exposure necessary to create an image on a film

38
Q

Why is filtration used at the portal of the xray tube?

A

eliminate low energy radiation that does not contribute to the image

39
Q

Why should you collimate the beam?

A

Decrease radiation dose to patient and technician

40
Q

Why is a bisecting angle technique used in dental radiography?

A

It is frequently impossible to for the tooth and film to be parallel to each other so the bisecting angle prevents foreshortening and elongation

41
Q

What is a double contrast myelogram?

A

Soluble positive contrast media and air is injected directly into the bladder

42
Q

What is the correct order of least to most radiodense material? (darkest to whitest)

A

Gas
Fat
Soft Tissue and Fluid
Bone
Metal

43
Q

What is the purpose of a grid on an xray table?

A

To prevent scatter radiation from reaching the film

44
Q

What tissue is most sensitive to radiation?

A

Bone marrow

45
Q

What is the heel effect?

A

Xray beam intensity declines toward the anode side of the xray machine

46
Q

What position is best for diagnosing GDV?

A

Right lateral abdominal radiograph

47
Q

What procedure requires the use of contrast dye?

A

Myelogram

48
Q

What is a DMLPO?

A

Dorsal Medial Lateral Palmar Oblique

49
Q

What is DMLPO aka?

A

Medial Oblique

50
Q

What is the technique for a DMLPO?

A

The beam comes from a 45 degree between dorsal and medial sides of the limb
AND
film is placed 45 degrees between the lateral aspect and the palmar aspect

51
Q

Why are oblique radiographs used?

A

To decrease the superimposition of structures

52
Q

Where does most of the radiation come from to a technician?

A

Scatter from the patient area

53
Q

What is a pneumocystogram?

A

A radiograph of the bladder after having had air injected into it

54
Q

What happens in the xray machine when the pedal is half pressed?

A

The anode rotates and the filament is heated

55
Q

What happens in the xray machine when the pedal is fully pressed?

A

The charge in the xray tube accelerates the electrons which hit the target at the anode emitting xrays

56
Q

What shields the technician from the primary xray beam?

A

collimator

57
Q

How do you position a dog fro a suspected left sided cruciate ligament injury?

A

Patient in left lateral recumbency with the leg against the cassette

58
Q

What is a cystogram?

A

Radiographic study of the urinary bladder

59
Q

Why is a horizontal beam used?

A

Identify air or fluid in a body cavity

60
Q

Why is a skyline view used?

A

decrease superimposition of structures

61
Q

What is true regarding radiography of the vertebrae?

A

IVD space is wider toward the center of the film and narrower toward the end of the film

62
Q

Where should the field be centered in a lateral thoracic radiograph?

A

5th rib and caudal border of the scapula

63
Q

What is a skyline view?

A

Dorsoproximal-dorsodistal oblique radiograph

64
Q

What is the common factor that prevents a diagnostic radiograph

A

motion

65
Q

What is the order of components in an xray cassettE?

A

Cassette front
Padding
Intensifying Screen
Film
Intensifying Screen
Padding
Cassette Back

66
Q

What is a fistulogram?

A

A radiograph after a contrast agent is administered into a draining tract

67
Q

When should a thoracic radiograph be taken?

A

Full inspiration

68
Q

In a DLPMO radiograph where will the xray unit be and where will the cassette be?

A

Xray beam should be from the dorsal side of the limb
and
Film will be on the medial side of the limb

69
Q

What is the difference between high frequency probes and low frequency probes?

A

Higher frequency have increased image resolution but decreased penetrating ability

70
Q

What position should a patient in respiratory distress not be placed in?

A

Dorsal

71
Q

What causes linear artifacts on a film?

A

Normal gridlines or the beam not being centered

72
Q

What do processing machine errors cause?

A

Streaks

73
Q

What happens to film if it does not go through the developer?

A

It will be clear

74
Q

Where are electrons generated in the xray machine?

A

At the filament of the cathode

75
Q

What settings on the xray machine can affect exposure without affecting contrast?

A

tIME AND mAS

76
Q

What is the maximum permissible dose of radiation to a technician in 1 year?

A

50 mSv

77
Q

What should you do after performing a myelogram?

A

Elevate the head to reduce the risk of seizure

78
Q

What would cause a film to be yellow-brown?

A

Incomplete washing of the film

79
Q

What principle will always improve radiographic image quality?

A

Highest mA setting and lowest time setting

80
Q
A

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