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Vet Tech Prep > Reptiles > Flashcards

Reptiles Flashcards

1
Q

What should enclosures be made of?

A

Synthetic nonporous material, sealed wood, plexiglass

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2
Q

What size should enclosures be?

A

Larger the better, vertical for arboreal species, horizontal for terrestial species

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3
Q

What should the temperature be?

A

85-95 degrees for tropical and desert lizards with a basking light reaching no more than 100-105 degrees

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4
Q

What humidity should it be?

A

80-90 for tropical
30-50% for desert

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5
Q

Why is UVB lighting important?

A

necessary for vitamin d synthesis and calcium absorption

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6
Q

What do herbivore lizards eat?

A

grasses, leaves, vegetables, and fruit

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7
Q

What type of diet should herbivore lizards have?

A

moderate to high fiber and moderate to low fat and protein

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8
Q

What should be fed as a protein source?

A

Alfalfa in moderation

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9
Q

What should you never feed herbivore lizards?

A

Dog or cat food

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10
Q

What is toxic to herbivore lizards?

A

parsley, spinach, and chives

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11
Q

What do carnivores eat?

A

Prey, small mammals, birds, or other reptiles

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12
Q

What type of diet should carnivores be fed?

A

High protein diet with moderate fat and low fibeer

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13
Q

How should you feed carnivores immature rodents?

A

Coated with calcium supplement

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14
Q

Why should you avoid feeding live prey?

A

may cause injury to the reptile

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15
Q

What do insectivore lizards eat?

A

crickets, mealworms, and was worms

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16
Q

How should you prepare insects?

A

Must be fed a nutrient rich diet for up to 2 days

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17
Q

Why should you do gut loading?

A

Insects do not provide enough nutrition without gut loading

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18
Q

What do omnivore lizards eat?

A

Plant and prey items; combination of items you feed the other types of lizards

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19
Q

How should you give water to reptiles?

A

Depending on the species, dish, misting, or dripping system

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20
Q

How to restrain a lizard?

A

Restrain head first to prevent bite; secure the head by placing the index finger and thumb around the base of the mandible. Use free hand to hold rear legs and tail; do not hold tail

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21
Q

What is a calming trick for lizards?

A

Some species will calm down with both eyes covered due to vagal stimulation

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22
Q

What are the venipuncture sites of lizards?

A
  1. Ventral coccygeal (tail)
  2. Jugular
  3. Ventral abdominal
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23
Q

How to restrain chelonians?

A

Grasp both sides of the shell then restrain head by grasping base of skull at the mandible with index finger and thumb

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24
Q

Venipuncture sites of chelonians?

A
  1. Jugular
  2. Subcarapacial venous sinus
  3. Dorsal coccygeal
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25
Q

What is the main defense of snakes?

A

Bites and constriction

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26
Q

How do you restrain snakes?

A

Grasp head at level of mandible support body with the other hand

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27
Q

What is a major medication toxic to chelonians and debilitated snakes?

A

Ivermectin

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28
Q

What does ivermectin cause in chelonians?

A

Neurologic deficits and often death

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29
Q

What is metabolic bone disease?

A

Malnutrition and lack of exposure to UVB light leads to decreased sythensis of vitamin d3

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30
Q

Why is vitamin D3 essential?

A

Calcium absorption and metabolism

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31
Q

What are the clinical signs of metabolic bone disease?

A

weakness
lethargy
stunted growth
muscle fasciculations
abnormal gait or posture
fractures
soft mandible or rubber jaw

32
Q

What happens if you dont treat metabolic bone disease?

A

It is fatal

33
Q

What are two renal/urethral diseases lizards can have?

A

renal disease and bladder stones

34
Q

What is gout?

A

Elevated levels of uric acid in the blood lead to insoluble uric acid crystals in tissues

35
Q

What parasites can lizards get?

A
  1. Ticks amd mites
  2. Worms
  3. Protozoa
  4. Blood parasites
36
Q

What are the types of worms lizards can get?

A

trematodes (flukes)
cestodes (tapeworm)
nematodes (roundworm)
Oxyurids (pinworms)

37
Q

What type of protozoa do lizards get?

A

Entamoeba invadens and cryptosporidium

38
Q

What does entamoeba cause?

A

Severe GI disease

39
Q

What happens with cryptosporidium

A

Does not often respond to therapy and is fatal

40
Q

What is unique about blood parasites in lizards?

A

Does not cause disease but rarely can cause anemia

41
Q

What is unique about oxyurids in reptiles?

A

Believed to be commensal and are often present without causing disease

42
Q

What is a zoonotic disease of reptiles?

A

Salmonella

43
Q

What are the 3 viruses lizards can get?

A
  1. Adenovirus
  2. West Nile Virus
  3. Herpes Virus
44
Q

What does adenovirus cause in lizards?

A

neurologic, poor body condition, death; no treatment available

45
Q

What species of lizard is west nile virus discovered in?

A

Crocodile

46
Q

What does herpes virus in lizards cause?

A

wart like growth on the skin, stomatitis, disease in the liver, lung or spleen. No treatment available

47
Q

What happens to snakes with inappropriate feeding or exercise?

A

Malnutrition or obesity

48
Q

What parasites do snakes get?

A
  1. Ticks and snake mites
  2. Crytosporidium
  3. Coccidian
  4. Entamoeba
49
Q

What do snake mites lead to?

A

anemia

50
Q

What does cryptosporidium cause in snakes?

A

Asymptomatic carrier or GI problems

51
Q

Can abx help with cryptosporidium

A

May reduce shedding

52
Q

How do you treat coccidian parasties in snakes?

A

Sulfonamides

53
Q

What are the clinical signs of entamoeba invadens?

A

hemorrhagic diarrhea
dehydration
muscle wasting
death

54
Q

What type of bacterial infections do snakes get?

A

Mostly gram negative but sometimes gram positive

55
Q

What fungal infection can snakes get?

A

Fungal dermatitis associated with bad husbandry

56
Q

What is inclusion body disease?

A

Suspect retrovirus that causes neurologic disease, weight loss, abnormal shedding and secondary infections

57
Q

What is the treatment for inclusion body disease?

A

None

58
Q

How is inclusion body disease transmitted?

A

Suspect snake mites

59
Q

What are the 3 viruses snakes get?

A
  1. Herpes virus
  2. Adenovirus
  3. Paramyxovirus
60
Q

What does herpes virus cause in snakes?

A

lesions in liver, pancreas, kidney, and adrenal cortex

61
Q

What is the tx for herpes virus in snakes?

A

none

62
Q

What does adenovirus cause in snakes?

A

liver damage

63
Q

What are the clinical signs of paramyxovirus?

A

nasal discharge
pus and blood tinged discharge from glottis
neurologic disease

64
Q

How is paramyxovirus transmitted?

A

contaminated respiratory secretions

65
Q

What is the treatment for paramyxovirus?

A

No tx

66
Q

Can snakes get cancer?

A

yes

67
Q

What are the zoonotic diseases of snakes?

A

Salmonella and campylobacter

68
Q

Can humans get infested with the common snake mite?

A

They can get bit but the mite will not stay on humans

69
Q

What are the 6 diseases common in chelonians?

A
  1. hypovitaminosis a
  2. Metabolic bone disease
  3. Hepatic lipadosis
  4. Accelerate growth or early maturity
  5. gout
  6. zoonotic disease
70
Q

Why is hypovitaminosis a?

A

Vitamin a deficiency resulting in degeneration of epithelial surfaces

71
Q

What causes gout showing an increased production of uric acid?

A

ingestion of excessive protein

72
Q

What causes gout showing a decreased production of uric acid?

A

dehydration or kidney disease

73
Q

What is hepatic lipadosis in chelonians?

A
  1. Normal physiologic process during hibernation or egg formation but can be pathologic in obese or anorexic chelonians
74
Q

What are the clinical signs of pathologic hepatic lipadosis?

A

obesity
lethargy
weight loss
infertility
abnormal feces
anorexia

75
Q

What causes accelerated growth in chelonians?

A

juveniles or hatchlings that are fed high protein diets

76
Q

What does accelerated growth in chelonians cause?

A

renal disease
skeletal deformities
high mortality

77
Q

What are 8 zoonotic diseases carried by chelonians?

A
  1. Salmonella
  2. Mycobacterium
  3. Camplyobacter
  4. Chlamydia
  5. Yersinia
  6. Vibrio
  7. Aeromonas
  8. Escherichia

Vet Tech Prep (30 decks)

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