Fluid Therapy

Question 1

What are the reasons for fluid therapy?

Answer 1

1. Replacement of hydration deficits
2. Maintenance of normal hydration
3. Replacement of blood volume
4. Correction of electrolyte imbalance
5. Treatment of shock
6. Infusion of IV medications

Question 2

What are crystalloids?

Answer 2

solutions that are isotonic with plasma and contain sodium as the major osmotically active particle

Question 3

What are the types of crystalloids?

Answer 3

1. Lactated Ringers Solution
2. 0.9% Sodium Chloride
3. Normosol-R

Question 4

What are the most common uses of crystalloids?

Answer 4

1. Maintenance of normal hydration
2. Replacement of hydration deficits
3. Treatment of shock
4. Infusion of IV medications

Question 5

When should you never use crystalloids for boluses?

Answer 5

When they contain additives

Question 6

What are the most common administration routes of crystalloids?

Answer 6

1. SQ
2. IV
3. IO

Question 7

Maintenance Rates for Dogs

Answer 7

2-6 ml/kg/hr

Question 8

Maintenance Rate for Cats

Answer 8

2-3 ml/kg/hr

Question 9

Anesthetic Rate for Dogs

Answer 9

5ml/kg/hr

Question 10

Anesthetic Rate for Cats

Answer 10

3 ml/kg/hr

Question 11

Rate for Treatment of Shock in Dogs

Answer 11

90 ml/kg/hr

Question 12

Rate for Treatment of Shock in Cats

Answer 12

45 ml/kg/hr

Question 13

What is a Dextrose Solution?

Answer 13

formed when dextrose is added to crystalloid

Question 14

When would you use a dextrose solution?

Answer 14

1. For correction of hypernatremia due to water deficit
2. For correction of hypogycemia

Question 15

What routes should be used for dextrose solution?

Answer 15

1. IV
2. IO

Question 16

Why should you not use dextrose solution SQ?

Answer 16

Causes decrease in blood volume and tissue necrosis

Question 17

Why must aseptic technique be used in dextrose solutions?

Answer 17

Ideal for bacterial growth

Question 18

What do synthetic colloids do?

Answer 18

Expand plasma volume

Question 19

What are synthetic colloids used for?

Answer 19

Resuscitative or replacement fluids due to hypovolemia

Question 20

What are the types of synthetic colloids?

Answer 20

1. Hetastarch
2. Dextrans 40
3. Dextrans 70

Question 21

What are the routes of administration of synthetic colloids?

Answer 21

1. IV
2. IO

Question 22

What are colloids used for?

Answer 22

relative expansion of the interstitial space in the event of a plasma volume deficiency

Question 23

When would you use colloids?

Answer 23

Traumatic or septic shock or to replace blood volume

Question 24

What are the types of colloids?

Answer 24

1. Albumin
2. Fresh Frozen Plasma
3. Whole Blood

Question 25

What routes do colloids use?

Answer 25

1. Usually IV but can be IO

Question 26

What are the signs of mild dehydration (5-6%)?

Answer 26

Dry or sticky mm

Question 27

What are the signs of moderate dehydration (6-8%)?

Answer 27

1. Decrease in skin turgor
2. Dry or sticky mm
3. Sunken eyes

Question 28

What are the signs of sever dehydration (10-12%)?

Answer 28

1. Marked decrease in skin turgor
2. Dry mm
3. Sunken eyes
4. Weak and rapid pulse
5. Slow CRT
6. Mental depression

Question 29

What are the signs of overhydration?

Answer 29

1. Serous nasal discharge
2. Subcutaneous edema
3. Increased urine output
4. Ascites
5. Coughing/pulmonary edema
6. Increased RR