Fluid Therapy Flashcards
What are the reasons for fluid therapy?
- Replacement of hydration deficits
- Maintenance of normal hydration
- Replacement of blood volume
- Correction of electrolyte imbalance
- Treatment of shock
- Infusion of IV medications
What are crystalloids?
solutions that are isotonic with plasma and contain sodium as the major osmotically active particle
What are the types of crystalloids?
- Lactated Ringers Solution
- 0.9% Sodium Chloride
- Normosol-R
What are the most common uses of crystalloids?
- Maintenance of normal hydration
- Replacement of hydration deficits
- Treatment of shock
- Infusion of IV medications
When should you never use crystalloids for boluses?
When they contain additives
What are the most common administration routes of crystalloids?
- SQ
- IV
- IO
Maintenance Rates for Dogs
2-6 ml/kg/hr
Maintenance Rate for Cats
2-3 ml/kg/hr
Anesthetic Rate for Dogs
5ml/kg/hr
Anesthetic Rate for Cats
3 ml/kg/hr
Rate for Treatment of Shock in Dogs
90 ml/kg/hr
Rate for Treatment of Shock in Cats
45 ml/kg/hr
What is a Dextrose Solution?
formed when dextrose is added to crystalloid
When would you use a dextrose solution?
- For correction of hypernatremia due to water deficit
- For correction of hypogycemia
What routes should be used for dextrose solution?
- IV
- IO
Why should you not use dextrose solution SQ?
Causes decrease in blood volume and tissue necrosis
Why must aseptic technique be used in dextrose solutions?
Ideal for bacterial growth
What do synthetic colloids do?
Expand plasma volume
What are synthetic colloids used for?
Resuscitative or replacement fluids due to hypovolemia
What are the types of synthetic colloids?
- Hetastarch
- Dextrans 40
- Dextrans 70
What are the routes of administration of synthetic colloids?
- IV
- IO
What are colloids used for?
relative expansion of the interstitial space in the event of a plasma volume deficiency
When would you use colloids?
Traumatic or septic shock or to replace blood volume
What are the types of colloids?
- Albumin
- Fresh Frozen Plasma
- Whole Blood
What routes do colloids use?
- Usually IV but can be IO
What are the signs of mild dehydration (5-6%)?
Dry or sticky mm
What are the signs of moderate dehydration (6-8%)?
- Decrease in skin turgor
- Dry or sticky mm
- Sunken eyes
What are the signs of sever dehydration (10-12%)?
- Marked decrease in skin turgor
- Dry mm
- Sunken eyes
- Weak and rapid pulse
- Slow CRT
- Mental depression
What are the signs of overhydration?
- Serous nasal discharge
- Subcutaneous edema
- Increased urine output
- Ascites
- Coughing/pulmonary edema
- Increased RR
