Missed Questions Flashcards
How much feces do you need for a test?
2 grams
When can the fetal skeleton be seen on xray?
42 days
What muscles do the quads include?
rectus femoris and vastis muscles
What is mulberry heart disease?
Disease in swine caused by vitamin e deficiency
What is the tidal volume of a dog?
15 ml/kg
What meds are used to treat fleas?
Lufenuron
Fipranil
Imidacloprid
What is pediculosis
Lice infestation
What is the olecranon part of?
Ulna
Where are IV catheters placed in horses?
jugular
What can chocolate toxicosis cause?
tachycardia
What causes saddle thrombus?
Heart disease
What does mitochondria produce?
ATP
What way should you never give Potassium?
bolus
Should oxygen be higher in the lungs or the capillaries?
Lungs
What causes red bag?
premature placental eruption
Where is the aqueous fluid located?
anterior chamber of the eye
What is normal sulcus depth?
0-3 mm
How much blood is safe to draw from a horse?
15-16 ml/kg
What do myelograms use?
contrast dye
What does 3.5 mm represent in screws?
Diameter
What does atipamezole reverse?
medetomidine
What is included in the uveitis?
ciliary body, iris, and choroid
What causes ehrlichia
brown dog tick
Can seromas be treated with antibiotics?
no
Define afferent and efferent?
Afferent is towards
Efferent is away
What causes night blindness in goats?
Vitamin a deficiency
What does quinidine treat?
atrial fibrillation in horses
What can chloramphenicol cause in humans?
aplastic anemia
Where is nutrient absorption greatest?
jejunum
What causes Johns Diseases?
mycobacterium
What nerve should you be concerned about during calving?
obturator
What is measured in the California mastitis test?
somatic cell count
What is used to make impressions of teeth?
alginate
What is horizontal beam used to diagnos?
free air or fluid
What should you do if a patient is apneic?
intubate
ventilate
call vet
What is safe to put in the ear if ear drum is ruptured?
NaCl
What does a hypotonic solution do to RBCs?
Cause them to burst
Where is the thyroid gland?
ventral neck
How do you sex turtles?
Plastron is concave in males
What is normal central venous pressure?
0-10 cm H2O
What does Strongyloides westeri cause?
Diarrhea in young horses
What is the ortolani sign for?
hip dysplasia
What can happen if you dont taper prednisone?
Cause hypadrenocorticism
What is the dog and cat vertebral formula?
C7T13L7S3
Is propofol a controlled substance?
no
When does ovulation happen?
During estrus
What does the parathyroid hormone regulate?
potassium
Where should IM injection be in dog?
epaxials
What does the CN1 control?
Sense of smell
Where is the mitral valve
between left atrium and ventricle
What causes visceral larval migrans?
Roundworms
What is bovine Vertebral formula?
C7T13L6S5
What tube should you use in abdominal cytology?
EDTA
What is the blood flow for a fetus?
pulmonary artery to aorta to ductus arteriosus
What tube do you use for APTT and PT
Citrate
What is the normal urine sg?
1.008-1.012
What is the fetlock joint?
Metacarpophalangeal
What is the skyline view?
Dorsoproximal/Dorsodistal
What would happen with injury to the brain stem?
Respiratory arrest
What does CN VI control
lateral rectus muscle
How do you improve radiographic quality?
Increase MAS Decrease Time
How long does it take for sq fluids to disperse?
5-8 hours
Do pigs teeth continuously abrupt?
No
What can Phenylbutazone cause?
Tissue sloughing
When do you see heinz bodies?
oxidative damage
What is cushings disease?
Hyperadrenocorticism
What is ptyalism?
excessive salivation
What is bruxism?
teeth grinding
What is borborygmi?
Gurgling sounds in the intestines
What is MRI equipment made of?
aluminum
What is lyme dz spread by?
Ixodes or deer tick
What is trilostane and what does it treat?
Vetoryl treats cushings
What is Pachecos disease
herpes disease in psittacines
What is the left atrium and ventricle separated by?
mitral or bicuspid valve
What are the normal respirations of a cat?
24-42
What does the Mannitol Salt Agar do
Select for Staphylococcus
What does the oscillometric or doppler measure?
Indirect blood pressure
What kind of viruses survive longer in the environment?
non-enveloped
Do parasite undergo development on a paratenic host?
no
How many sides does a cystine crystal have?
6
What species develop caries?
Rabbit, chinchilla and dog
What neurotransmitter is responsible for the sympathetic nervous system?
epinephrine
How do you identify Strongyloides stercoralis?
Baermann technique
What does BUN assess?
breakdown product of protein
What is peritonitis?
inflammation of the internal abdominal lining
What is cherry eye?
prolapse of the gland of nictitans
What is true of higher frequency probes?
Increased image resolution but decreased penetrating ability
What do you give for organophosphate toxicity?
Atropine
What does antifreeze damage?
renal system
What does periodontal disease affect?
gingiva
How do you leak check an incision?
sterile syringe, needle, and saline
What are the signs of shock?
Increased HR
Decreased BP
Pale gums
How many 3-rooted teeth are in dogs?
6 all maxillary
What is red bag?
Protrusion of the chorioallantois
Is red bag an emergency?
yes
Where is the thymus located?
cranial mediastinum of the chest
What species does not have gallbladders?
horses
What are robert jones bandages for?
Stabilize fractures
How do you measure for multi lumen jugular catheters?
to 3rd thoracic vertebrae
What are the signs of cyanide toxicity in horses?
respiratory distresss with bright red blood and MM
What can cause a loss of motor function during epidurals?
Only phenothiazine tranquilizers
What is blood lactate a measure of?
blood perfusion and O2 deliveryto tissues
How many ml in a tsp?
5
Where should you never administer IM injections in a horse?
epaxials
What suture should you use for loop sutures?
0 or 1-0 monofilament nonabsorbable
What do positive inotropic drugs do?
Increase cardiac contractility
What is the gestation length of horses?
340 days
What does horners syndrome cause?
miosis
Where are sertoli cell tumors found?
testicles
What causes white muscle disease?
Vitamin E and selenium deficiency
How do you position for sx for a luxated hip?
Lateral recumbency
How do you position for a radiograph of the stifle?
Linb to the left and proximal aspect to the top
What does tetracycline cause?
tooth discoloration
What are trichodectes?
Biting lice
How many BPM for CPR in a dog
80-120
What carries oxygen to the fetus?
umbilical vein
What is the adverse effect of fluoroquinolones?
articular cartilage
What are best inhalants for horses - best to worst?
Sevo, halo, iso
What is the perk of non-screen film?
more sensitive to xrays
What do cholinergic agents do?
Decrease HR
Increase Salivation
Increase Intestinal Motility
Widen pupil
What does the sarcoplasmic reticulem do?
Release calcium to achieve muscle contraction
What is the HR of the horse?
25-50 BPm
What does CNII innervate?
retina
Describe how fixer and developer works
1st developer converts exposed silver crystals into black metallic silver
2nd fixer dissolves unexposed silver crystals
What do the doyen forceps do?
atraumatically clamp the intestines
What do drugs with low solubility produce?
rapid induction and recovery rates
What mite does not cause pruritis?
demodex
What virus can Macaque monkeys get?
Herpes Virus B
What is it if you get milky fluid in a thoracocentesis
Chylothorax
What does the coombs test evaluate?
immune mediated hemolytic anemia
What is the coggins test for?
equine infectious anemia
What is the baermann technique?
uses a wire net or cheese cloth to strain
What is a major end product in birds?
uric acid
What can larval migration of S. vulgaris cause?
significant verminous arteritis in the mesenteric arteries and thrombosis resulting in colic
What is the triangular region of the bladder
trigone
What is the sarcolemma
cell membrane that encloses muscle fiber
Where should blood draws be in cancer patients?
jugular
How many g in an oz?
28.35
What stage of HW is susceptible to preventatives/
L3
Do preanesthetic drugs decrease BP
No
Is fasting required for reptiles?
No
What is the autonomic nervous system represent?
sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
Where does sperm mature?
epdidymis
What vein should you use in a dehydrated rabbit?
marginal ear vein
Where is the SA node located?
right atrium
What lighting do turtles need?
UVB
What is decreased with hypochromasia?
MCHC
What does the screen do in an xray?
Decrease exposure necessary to create image
What indicates parturition is imminent/
Drop in body temp
What does Sarcocysitis neurona cause?
equine protozoal myeloencephalitis
What does the condenser do?
Focus light on the object being viewed
What does propanolol do?
slows the HR
What is sodium fluoride do?
measure blood glucose
What can phenylbutazone cause?
right dorsal colitis
When should xylazine be used with extreme caution?
ruminants
What can acepromazine cause that effects stallions?
permanent penile prolapse
What should you use for long term eye medication in horses?
subpalpebral lavage system
What is the RR of a dog?
10-30 rpm
What do lactose fermenting bacteria appear as?
pink or red
What can addisons dz cause?
severe bradycardia
What is known as feline parvo?
panleukopenia
What pumps blood towards the lungs?
Right ventricle
What does a PCR test do?
amplifies DNA
What do you need for rodenticide toxicity?
fresh frozen plasma
What is the benefit of a larger filament?
Higher exposures can be used
What is a side effect of methimazole?
itchy face
What does colostrum have that is necessary?
immunoglobulins
What can happen with being laterally recumbent for too long?
atelectasis
What is ostertagia?
brown stomach worm
Why use epinephrine with lidocaine?
prolongs the duration
What can hypokalemia cause?
ventroflexion of the neck and extreme weakness
Does acepromazine cause vomiting?
no
What is the panniculus reflex test?
pinching the skin lateral to the vertebral spine
Where are the oviduct?
fallopian tubes
What does wrights stain do?
Differentiate blood cell types
What will happen if xray beam is perpendicular to the radius and ulna?
Will be foreshortened
Why do dogs tie?
bulbis glandulis swells
What causes vaginal cells to proliferate?
estrogen
What is an indication of preeclampsia?
Low calcium levels
What can be used for ventricular premature contractions?
lidocaine
What nerve is CNI
olfactory
When do cows go into estrous?
Every 21 days
What does polycythemia do to PCV
increase hematocrit
What does clomipramine treat?
separation anxiety
What is trichodectes?
lice
What is effective against nematodes?
Ivermectin
What is an analytical error in a laboratory value?
variation in temperature
How do you calculate fluid deficit?
KG x % dehydration = liters
What do piglets need within 3 days of birth?
iron dextrose shots in neck
How do you calculate minute volume?
RR x Tidal volume
How do you calculate WBC differential?
% of WBC type x total wbc count
What do lysosomes do?
make enzymes to break up cellular debris
How do you position a horse for castration?
Lateral recumbency with upper rear leg tied around head
What is the order of bovine stomach?
Rumen
Reticulem
Omasum
Abomasum
What is trilostane?
Vetoryl
Where do you place an aterial catheter indogs?
Dorsal metatarsal
What does the atlantoaxial joint do?
Moves head from side to side
How long do you wait before evaluation of a california mastitis test?
20 seconds
What does oxidative damage cause?
Heinz bodies
What causes oxidative damage?
lead poisoning
What is the canine shock dose?
90 ml/kg
What should an animal with cardiac insufficiency restrict?
sodium
What is the most common swine parasite?
Ascaris suum
What is bog spavin?
Tarsocrural effusion
What can increased input to the vagus nerve cause?
bradycardia
What species has a double row of incisors?
rabbits
What factors most influence xray beam quality?
kvp and filtration
What principle of radiation says you should continue to decrease radiation exposure?
ALARA - as low as reasonably allowed
What does parathyroid hormone regulate?
calcium
What size fence should you use for goats?
6 foot
What is hyperechoic on an ultrasound image?
bone and gas
What test should you run with petechia?
Template bleeding time (TBT) which determines the platelets ability to plug a wound
What are the symptoms of cyanide toxicity in a horse?
respiratory distress
dilated pupils
bright red mm
What are the frequencies and wave lengths of xrays compared to visible light?
Xrays have higher frequencies and shorter wave lengths
What do axons do?
Carry impulses away from neuronal cell bodies
What is the HR of a horse?
25-50 bpm
What vein should you avoid in swine?
Left jugular
What is true about reptile sterilization?
ovaries should always be removed
What is the point of arterial blood samples in blood gas analysis?
Determine oxygenation
What mm do you evaluate in a horse?
nasal mucosa
conjunctiva
vulva
Where is nutrient absorption the greatest?
jejunum
What is ear canal ablation?
sx excision and closure of external ear canal
What can bacterial sepsis cause?
hypoglycemia
What parasite has both a direct and indirect life cycle?
Toxocara canis
What do you need for a minor cross match?
recipient rbcs and donor plasma
What species is most susceptible to copper toxicity?
sheep
What will happen if xray beam is perpendicular to cassette of radius and ulna?
They will be foreshortened
What is a jamshidi needle for?
bone marrow core biopsy
What happens to the view with a compound microscope?
upside down and reversed
What does myasthenia gravis cause?
weakness and muscle fatigue
Describe the effects of xylazine?
sedative, analgesic, and provides muscle relaxation
How long can you leave a pressure bandage on?
4 hours
When should a robert bandage be used?
When fractures are distal to the elbow or stifle
What protein is higher in plasma than serum?
fibrinogen
What organism causes equine protozoal myeloenchephalitis (EPM) in the horse?
Sarcocystitis neurona
What is used in a minor cross match?
Recipient Red Blood Cells
Donor Plasma
What is the common name for proliferative ileitis in hamsters?
Wet tail
What heart valve is responsible for separating blood between the left atrium and left ventricle?
mitral or bicuspid valve
What is the etiology of C. botulinism in cattle?
ingestion
What can gentamicin cause?
nephrotoxicity
What class of antibiotic is gentamicin?
aminoglycoside
What medication can be prescribed to increase blood pressure?
iv dopamine
What are the common toxicities in cattle?
- aspergillus
- salt
- lead
What medication is used for an NSAID overdose?
Misoprostol
What disease leads to jaundice and anemia in young foals?
neonatal isoerythrolysis
A cataract is an opaque protein deposit on what structure?
lens
What species if overworked is most at risk for hyperthermia?
sheep and pigs
What is the term that describes nerve fibers that carry an impulse towards the brain?
afferent
How many mammary glands does the goat have?
2
Will ketamine cause hypotension?
no
What is the name of the portion of the stomach that attaches to the esophagus?
cardia
What are the landmarks for placing an epidural in a dog or cat
Wings of the ilium
Dorsal spinous process of L7
Indentation of the lumbosacral injunction
Which nerve is most effected with a humeral fracture?
radial
What is minute volume?
volume of air inspired during one minute of respiration
How do you calculate the minute volume of cats?
180-380 ml/kg/min
What is true of anesthetic drugs with low solubility?
Produce rapid induction and recovery rates
What error would result in a radiograph being completely clear?
Exposed film was put in a fixer before developer
What condition in cats would cause glucosuria besides diabetes?
Renal disease
If a dog is having a seizure and you cannot hit a vein, where can you administer valium?
rectal
What organization establishes standards for food labels?
AAFCO
What does it mean if an animal is a paratenic host?
Does not undergo development on that animal
Which bone articulates with the patella?
femur
When should you give perioperative antibiotics?
30 minutes prior to incision
What hormone causes vaginal cells to proliferate?
estrogen
What kind of drug is dexamethasone?
steroid
What type of placenta does a ruminant have?
cotyledonary
What is the order of intestinal segments?
duodenum
jejunum
ileum
colon
How should ropes be tied to horses?
3 feet of slack and level with the top of the horses back
On ultrasound what structure would be a hyperechoic linear structure against the bladder wall?
urolith
What is the schiff-sherrington posture?
Paralysis of the hindlimbs
What is the normal amount of gastric reflux obtained from a healthy horse via nasogastric tube placement?
1-3 liters
Parathyroid hormone regulates which blood value?
Calcium
What is founder?
Inflammation of the laminae and rotation of the third phalanx
Ovulation occurs during which part of the estrus cycle?
Estrus
What should the rectal temperature of a week old puppy be?
94-99
What crystal is common in dalmatians?
ammonium biurate
What is the maintenance fluid rate in dogs?
60 ml/kg/day
What zoonotic disease can macaques have?
herpes b
Chronic administration of prednisone can cause?
cushings disease
What condition causes a puppy to have milk coming from nose and coughing or gurgling while he eats?
cleft palate
Describe intervertebral discs appearing on radiography?
appear wider towards the center of the film and narrower towards the end of the film
What technique would reduce the amount of scatter radiation that reaches the film?
use of a grid with a Potter Bucky diaphragm
What electrolyte anomaly causes ventroflexion of the neck and extreme weakness?
hypokalemia
What is a jamshidi needle for?
bone marrow core biopsy
Ivermectin is effective against what?
nematodes
Estrogen toxicity causes what?
bone marrow suppression
What appears hyperechoic (bright white) on an ultrasound?
Bone and gas
What is the primary reason porcine boars are castrated if they are destined for food production?
To avoid boar taint
What is the most sensitive and preferred test for detecting giardia?
elisa
What comes first developer or fixer?
Developer then fixer
Which deficiency in sheep would explain muscle spasms, drooling, and stiff gait?
Magnesium
Which organ is responsible for producing most of the digestive enzymes used to breakdown food?
Pancreas
Does ketamine cause low blood pressure?
No
Canine parvovirus causes what laboratory change?
Neutropenia
When discussing the equine hoof, which structure produces cells that become the hoof wall?
Coronary band
What are the common clinical signs of a horse with obstructive airway disease?
Heave line
Flared nostrils
cough
labored expiratory phase
What does glomerular filtration rate directly related to?
rate of blood flow to the kidneys
What would cause in turtles: weight loss, poor appetite, swollen eyelids, and respiratory problems?
Vitamin A deficiency
What is the scabies mite in cats?
Notoedres
What part of the brain coordinates motor activity?
Cerebellum
What species are lincosamides contraindicated in?
Horses
What test should you run on a horse that has petechia?
Template bleeding time
What position is colic surgery performed in?
Dorsal recumbency
What breed is most at risk for degenerative myelopathy?
German shepards
How should you position for a tibial fracture
Dorsal recumbency with affected leg temporarily hung
What mucous membranes do you assess in the horse?
Vulva, nasal mucosa, and conjunctiva
What is the proper order of intestinal segments?
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Colon
What drug is used for treatment in Tritichomonas foetus in cats?
Ronidazole
What is the top of the shell in a tortoise called?
Carapace
