Pharmacology Flashcards
What are the 4 corticosteroids?
- Prednisone
- Prednisolone
- Triamcinolone
- Methylprednisolone
What are the 2 types of analgesics?
Opioids and NSAIDS
What type of opioids are used?
mu agonists or partial mu agonists
How do you reverse opioids?
Naloxone
What are the 6 commonly used opioids?
- Fentanyl
- Morphine
- Hydromorphone
- Buprenorphine
- Butorphanol
- Tramadol
What methods do you give Fentanyl?
injectable or comes in a patch
What methods do you give Buprenorphine?
injectable or orally as it is transmucosal
What methods do you give Butorphanol?
Injectable to tablets
Other than pain, what can you use Butorphanol for?
antitussive
What is another name for Tramadol?
Ultram
What type of opioid is Tramadol?
synthetic mu receptor opiate agonist
What form does Tramadol come in?
tablets
What are the 2 dissociative anesthetics?
Ketamine and Tiletamine
What is the side effect of ketamine?
Muscle rigidity
What medication is used with ketamine?
diazepam
What medication makes up Tiletamine and zolazepam?
Telazol
What are the 4 commonly used benzodiazepines?
- Valium
- Alprazolam
- Midazolam
- Zolazepam
What is a short acting hypnotic agent?
Propofol
How do you give propofol?
injectable anesthetic
What can propofol cause if not given slowly?
apnea and hypotension
What are the 2 local anesthetics?
Lidocaine and Bupivicaine
What can lidocaine also be used for besides pain?
anti-arrythmic
What are the 2 alpha-2-andrenergic agonists?
Dexmedetomidine and Xylazine
What is another name for Dexmedetomidine?
Dexdomitor
What do you reverse dexmedetomidine with?
Atipamezole
What is another name for atipamezole?
Antesedan
When should you not use dexmedetomidine?
Pets with cardiac disease or that are debilitated
What is xylazine reversed with?
Yohimbine
What is a phenothiazine tranquilizer?
acepromazine
What is the side effect of acepromazine?
Lowers seizure threshold
What is an opioid used to cause vomiting?
Apomorphine
How is apomorphine administered?
injectable or tablet that goes in the conjunctival sac in the eye
What is a short acting thiobarbiturate?
Thiopental
What species should you not use thiopental?
Greyhounds and other sight hounds because of the slow metabolism of the drug and they are very lean
What are the 3 anesthetic inhalants?
- Isoflurane
- Sevoflurane
- Halothane
What is the most common side effect of anesthetic inhalants?
hypotension
Why is halothane not commonly used?
Side effects especially cardiac
What are the 6 main cardiac drugs?
- Furosemide
- Enalapril
- Pimobendan
- Spironolactone
- Amlodipine
- Atropine
What is another name for Furosemide?
Lasix
What type of medication is furosemide?
Loop diuretic
When do you use furosemide?
Congestive heart failure
What class is enalapril and other pril medications?
Ace inhibitor
What do ace inhibitors treat?
Heart failure and hypertension
What is another use for enalapril other than cardiac medication?
Chronic renal failure
How do ace inhibitors work?
They are vasodilators
What is another name for pimobendan?
Vetmedin
What class is vetmedin?
inodilator
What is vetmedin used for?
treat congestive heart failure
What class is spirinolactone?
potassium sparing diuretic
What does amlodipine do?
decreases blood pressure
What is the most common use of amlodipine?
Anti hypertensive in cats
What class is atropine?
Anticholinergic
What is atropine used for?
Increase heart rate
When is atropine used?
CPCR and during anesthesia to treat bradycardia
What is another name for Fenbendazole?
Panacur
What does Panacur treat?
General anthelmentic and commonly used to treat Giardia
What is another name for Sulfadimethoxine?
Albon
What does Albon treat?
coccidia
What is pyrantel used for?
Ascarids
What are ascarids?
roundworms
What is another name for emodepside and praziquantel combined?
Profender
What is profender used for?
Topical dewormer for felines
What medication is made up of praziquantel, pyrantel, and febantel?
Drontal Plus
What does Drontal Plus treat?
General dewormer
What is another name for selamectin?
Revolution
What does revolution treat?
- ear mites
- fleas
- hook worms
- roundworms
- demodex
- sarcoptes
When is revolution contraindicated?
Collie breeds
What is another name for milbemycin?
Profender
What does interceptor treat?
heartworm prevention
hookworms
roundworms
whipworms
What additional parasite does interceptor plus treat?
Tapeworms
What is another name for famotidine?
Pepcid AC
What class of drug is famotidine?
H2 receptor blocker
What does famotidine treat?
Peptic ulcers, acid indigestion, and GERD
What is another name for carafate?
Sucrulfate
What does Sucrulfate treat?
gastroprotectant
What is a side effect of sucrulfate?
May impair absorption of some oral medications
What is another name for metaclopramide?
Reglan
What class is metaclopramide?
Upper GI prokinetic agent
What does metaclopramide treat?
anti-emetic
What is a side effect of metoclopramide?
May cause excitement or hyperactivity in cats
What is another name for maropitant?
Cerenia
What does cerenia treat?
anti-emetic
What does cisapride do?
Promotility for upper and lower GI tract. Treats megacolon
Why is cisapride hard to get?
It needs to be compounded
What is another name for omemperazole?
Prilosec
What class of drug is omeprazole?
Proton pump inhibitor
What does omeprazole treat?
GI ulcers
What class of drug is Misprostol?
Prostaglandin E1 analog
What does misoprostol treat?
Prevents gastric ulceration
What are the commonly used NSAIDs?
- Carprofen
- Meloxicam
- Ketoprofen
- Firocoxib
- Deracoxib
- Flunixin
- Phenybutazone
What is another name for Carprofen?
Rimadyl
What class of drug is Carprofen?
Cox 2 Inhibitor
What is the most common side effect of carprofen?
Liver failure
What is another name for meloxicam?
metacam
What is the class of drug for meloxicam?
cox 2 inhibitor
What is the side effect of meloxicam?
increase risk of nephrotoxicity
What is ketoprofen commonly used for?
fever reducer
What is another name for Firocoxib?
Previcox
What class of drug is Previcox?
cox 2 inhibitor
What is another name for Deracoxib?
Deramaxx
What is the class of deracoxib?
Cox 2 inhibitor
What is another name for Flunixin?
Banamine
What is another name for Phenylbutazone?
Bute
What NSAIDS are commonly used in horses?
Banamine and Bute
What do all NSAIDs have increased risk for?
gastric ulceration and liver/kidney failure
What is another name for Methocarbamol?
Robaxin
What does methocarbamol treat?
muscle relaxant
What does fluconazole, ketoconazole, and itraconazole treat?
antifungal
What is the risk of antifungals?
hepatotoxic
What is another name for Trilostane?
Vetoryl
What class of drug is Trilostane?
adrenal steroid synthesis inhibitor
What does vetoryl treat?
hyperadrenocorticism
What is levoxythyroxine?
thyroid hormone for hypothyroidism
What is methimazole treat?
hyperthyroidism
What is another name for Diphenhydramien?
Benadryl
What class is Benadryl?
antihistamine
What class is epinephrine?
alpha and beta andrenergic agonist
What is epinephrine used for?
anaphylaxis and cardiac resuscitation
What does Guafenisen treat?
muscle relaxant
When would you use guafenisen?
large animal anesthesia
What is other names for pentobarbital?
Euthasol, fatal plus
What class is phenobarbital?
Barbiturate
What does phenobarbital treat?
seizures
What class is mirtazapine?
Tetracyclic antidepressant
What is mirtazapine used for?
Appetite stimulant
What does fenbendazole treat?
Rounds
Hooks
Lung
Whip
What is the trade name for fenbendazole?
Panacur
What does strongid treat?
Rounds
Hooks
Pin
What is another name for strongid?
Pyrantel
What does praziquantel treat?
Tapes
What does albendazole treat
Everything
What does metronidazole treat?
Giardia and other protozoa
What is the trade name for metronidazole?
Flagyl
What does sulfadimethoxine treat?
Coccidia
What is the trade name for sulfadimethoxine?
Albon
What is in drontal plus?
Pyrantel and praziquantel
What is in profender?
Emodepside and praziquantel
What can ingestion of ivermectin cause in dogs?
Flaccid paralysis
