Large Animal Nursing Flashcards
What venipuncture used for bovines?
- Jugular vein for sampling and administering fluids
- Tail vein for sampling and injecting small volumes
What venipuncture used for small ruminants?
Jugular vein is almost always used
What venipuncture used for porcine?
- External jugular (right side)
- Cranial vena cava (right side)
- Caudal auricular (ear) for small volumes
What venipuncture is used for south american camelids?
Jugular (right) is almost always used
What animals should you avoid intramuscular injections in?
Meat producing animals
Where should you give IM injections in bovines?
Triangle on the neck
Where should you give IM injections in small ruminants?
Lateral cervical muscles
Where should you give IM injections in porcine?
Dorsolateral neck muscles
Where should you give IM injections in South American camelids?
Semimembranosus and Semitendinosus
What is milk fever?
Hypocalcemic parturient paresis
What are the clinical signs of milk fever?
Muscle tremors, weakness, and staggering gait. Can be fatal if untreated.
What is ketosis?
acetonemia in cattle and pregnancy toxemia in ewes, does, and camelids
How does ketosis present in cattle?
Wasting form. Cow goes off grain and milk production decreases
How does ketosis present in ewes and does?
Head pressing, delirium, bruxism, and staggering
What is white muscle disease?
Vitamin e and selenium deficiency seen in young animals
What is hepatic lipidosis?
Periparturient disease in cattle that causes depression, decreased milk production, anorexia, and death
What is urinary calculi?
Water belly: swollen abdomen depression, and anorexia
What is left displaced abdomen?
- Common in large high producing dairy cattle after calving
- Decreased appetite and reduced milk production
- Diagnosed by ping on the left flank
What is right displaced abdomen?
displaced abomasum complicated by torsion this is life threatening
What is vagal indigestion?
Caused by multiple things but results in anorexia, decreased movement and ingesta, and distension
What can cause peritonitis in sheep?
Sarcospoiridia
What is ruminal tympany?
Bloat
What is rumen acidosis?
Grain overload causing lactic acid in the rumen
What is traumatic reticuloperiotnitis?
Hardware disease occurs when a foreign object is ingested
What causes Johnes disease?
mycobacterium paratuberculosis
What causes diarrhea in bovine and small ruminants?
- Mycobacterium
- E. coli
- Salmonella
- Clostridium
- Coronavirus
- Rotavirus
- Cyptosporidium
What is swine dysentery?
GI disease Caused by Treponema
What is Transmissible Gastroenteritis?
Coronavirus in swine
What is porcine epidemic diarrhea?
Acute watery diarrhea with high morbidity
What is mastitis?
Inflammation of the mammary glands
What are the clinical signs of mastitis?
Characterized by heat, pain, and welling of the gland with marked changes in the milk
What is vibriosis?
STD spread by bull caused by camplyobacter
What causes Q fever?
Coxiella burnetti
What is haemophilus Somnus?
opportunistic pathogen affecting calves
What is blue tongue?
Commonly found in sheep. Transmitted by Culicoides
What is bovine spongiform encephalopathy?
Mad cow disease in cattle
Scrapie in sheep
Chronic wasting disease in deer
What is foot rot?
Bacteroides acting synergistically with Fuosbacterium causing varying degrees of lameness
What is orf?
Contagious ecythmya or sore mouth causing lesions around lips, nose and gums
What is diamond skin disease?
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae acute infection in pigs
