VRU 2010 Flashcards
Jung et al: CT for PTE and HW, what arteries were most affected by a PTE in dogs with HW?
Right caudal arteries
Jung et al: CT for PTE and HW, what arteries were most affected causing dilation and tortuosity in dogs with HW?
Right caudal arteries.
Jung et al: CT for PTE and HW, what were some weird changes on CT after an experimental PTE was made?
Pneumothorax Cavity formation
Jung et al: CT for PTE and HW, Signs of a PTE on CT?
Dilated arteries
Filling defect
Triangular pulmonary infarcts
Straght and abrupt cut-off appearances to the artery.
Grifffin et al; Bone scans (99mTc HDP) following peroneal nerve blocks in horses, what percentage of the time did the focal nerve block cause focal MSK uptake?
50% of the time on day 1.
25% on day 3
Grifffin et al; Bone scans (99mTc HDP) following peroneal nerve blocks in horses, what percentage of the time did the focal nerve block cause focal MSK uptake that looked like a tibial lesion?
20% of the time on day 1 and 3
Grifffin et al; Bone scans (99mTc HDP) following peroneal nerve blocks in horses, What was the farthest time period postblock was there MSK uptake noted?
7 days in this study.
So ideally bone scan would be performed >7 days post blocking
Grifffin et al; Bone scans (99mTc HDP) following peroneal nerve blocks in horses, a higher dose of anesthetic meant what on the bone scan?
High uptake on the bone scan.
Lee et al: Iohexol effect on 99mTc 04 scns in normal cats, Did the iohexol administration (880mgI/kg) screw up the thyroid scan based on T:S ratio and %total uptake?
No… none of the parameters fell below normal limits and there for never affected the 99mTc study
Lee et al: Iohexol effect on 99mTc 04 scns in normal cats, what radiopharm for the thyroid is trapped, and what ones are trapped and organified?
99mTc04- is trapped only
I123 and I131 are trapped and organified.
Lee et al: Iohexol effect on 99mTc 04 scns in normal cats, What is the normal percent thyroid uptake values (%TU) in cats at 20min post injection?
0-1% corrected for ST depth, background noise and decay
0-2% when corrected for just background
Lee et al: Iohexol effect on 99mTc 04 scns in normal cats, Normal range for T:S ratio in cat is at 20min?
0.5-1.0
Dennison et al: CT techniques for Acute canine myelopathy; What are the three reasons to do a CT myelogram after having a negative CT (no extradural disc compression)?
Nonchrondrodystrophic dog
No lesion was identified
If there was an extradural compressive lesion but so much spinal cord swelling that you couldn’t tell.
Jung et al: CT for PTE and HW, how long does it take for the alveolar pattern created by a PTE on rads to go away?
4-7 days
Seiler et al: US findings of preclinical renal dysplasia: What were the common findings of preclinical renal dysplasia?
Poor corticomedullary definition
Multifocal hyperechoic speckles in the renal medulla
Hyperechoic medulla
Seiler et al: US findings of preclinical renal dysplasia: Severity of US findings related to severity of what?
Histopath findings.
Seiler et al: US findings of preclinical renal dysplasia: If only taking cortical biopsy samples then you must wait until what age and why?
You must wait til 6 months of age.
Because cortical samples only sample the glomeruli and dysplasia is characterized by persistant fetal glomeruli past 6 months of age.
Stahl et al: MRI features of Gastrocnemius musculotendinopathy in herding dogs: What were the imaging characteristics of gastrocnemius musculotendionpathy?
T2, T2* and STIR hyperintesity of the LATERAL head of the gastrocnemius muscle AROUND the sesamoid bone and tapering distally
T1 is iso-hyperintense
This is likely a musculotendinous strain.
Stahl et al: MRI features of Gastrocnemius musculotendinopathy in herding dogs: What breed was affiliated with this disease?
Border Collies
Stahl et al: MRI features of Gastrocnemius musculotendinopathy in herding dogs: What radiographic evidence of total or partial avulsion of the medial or lateral head of the gastroc is seen?
Distal displacement of the sesmoid bone.
Where does the gastrocenumius arise from and where does it insert?
Origin: Lateral and medial supracondylar tuberosity of the femur
Insertion: Tuber calcanei
Stahl et al: MRI features of Gastrocnemius musculotendinopathy in herding dogs: What was the common radiographic finding in this group of dogs?
Abnormalities in the lateral sesmoid bone with mineralization of the surrounding tissues.
Stahl et al: MRI features of Gastrocnemius musculotendinopathy in herding dogs: What characteristics of muscles cause them to be more susceptible to stains?
Extend past two joints
Long fusiform shape
Composition of type II fast contracting
Eccentric contracttion (fibers forced to lengthen during contraction)
Muscle: Gastroc, Hamstrings, biceps brachii
Penninick et al: US appearance of intestinal mucosal fibrosis cats; What is the appearance of mucosal fibrosis in cats?
Mucosal hyperechoic band paralleling the submucosa
Penninick et al: US appearance of intestinal mucosal fibrosis cats; What does the mucosal band indicate clinically?
Nothing/old enteropathy
If in presence of concurrent clinical signs further diagnostic tests is waranted.
Kuwabara et al: MRI hippocampus atrophy epileptic dogs: How was the hippocampal volume ratio calculated?
The difference in the volume of the two hippocampi/total volume of the largest
Kuwabara et al: MRI hippocampus atrophy epileptic dogs: What intensity characteristics does hippocampal sclerosis have?
T2 and T2 FLAIR hyperintensity.
T1 hypointensity
Kuwabara et al: MRI hippocampus atrophy epileptic dogs: What percentage of hippocampal atrophy is noted in canine epilepic patients?
48%
Therefore it can occur in canine epilepsy but does not have to.
What is P, F and the arrows?
Condylar process = P
Mandibular fossa = F
Arrows = Articular disc
Geyer et al: Pulmonary lymphoma: What was the most common radiographic finding in cats?
Pulmonary nodules/masses
Bronchial infiltrate
Geyer et al: Pulmonary lymphoma: What was the most common radiographic finding in dogs?
Unstructured interstitial infiltrate
Lower down = nodules/masses, alveolar, bronchial
Geyer et al: Pulmonary lymphoma: What other radiographic signs were present but in much small number than expected?
Thoracic lymphadenopathy (22%)
Pleural effusion (13%)
Mareschal et al: US long-term enterectomy sites in dogs: What percentage of dogs with previous enterotomy sites had US variations at that site?
80% no matter how far out the surgery (7 years was the longest)
Mareschal et al: US long-term enterectomy sites in dogs: What was the most common findings on US of previous enterectomy sites?
Thickening (90%)
Altered wall layer (90%)
Focal accumulation of intraluminal gas (80%)
Intraluminal hyperechoic foci (65%)
Focal deviation of the intestinal course (50%)
10% had loss of wall layering.
What are the types of acquired collateral circulation in the dog and cat?
Esophageal/Paraesophageal
Left gastric
Gastroesophageal/gastrophrenic
Gallbladder
Omental
Duodenal
Colic
Abdominal wall
COAL was EGGD
Bertonlini; Acquired collateral circulation; What collateral varices drain to the azyogus?
Esophageal secondary to a cranial VC obstruction…. they also can drain into the caudal vena and portal.
Bertonlini; Acquired collateral circulation; Where do the three regions of the esophagus drain?
Cranial (CERVICAL/cranial thoracic) - By the thyroid and bronchoesophageal v. or the azygus v into the cranial VC
Caudal thoracic (including abdominal) - Azygus v or the esophageal b. of the left gastric (portal system).
Lee et al: Effects of iohexol on feline thyroid scintigraphy; Does iohexol effect uptake of 99TcO4-?
Yes… there is a drop but it never drops below the normal limitis for both T:S and %TU.
What is this?
Grass awn in the urinary bladder.
Can shadow but doesn’t have to.
Bruggen et al: Scintigraphy for MCP in dogs: What radiopharm is used and how much? What is the conversion from Mbq to mCi?
99mTc - MDP
~20mCi
37MBq = 1 mCi
Bruggen et al: Scintigraphy for MCP in dogs; What is the premise of this study?
Scintigraphy is good 17/17 at detecting MCP disease in dogs… better than rads.
This is because it will detect osteoblastic activity that is the precursor to fragmentation. With sclerosis can come microfactures that cannot be seen on rads.
Morandi et al: Splenic scintigraphy for acquired shunts: What is the most common characteristic of acquired shunts?
Hepatofungal flow of the dose to the level of the caudal kidney
THIS WAS SEEN IN A SINGULAR SHUNT SO NOT totally specific.
Acquired shunts were not seen commonly.
Tursbery et al: Lion calvarial hyperostosis CT: What was the most common characteritics?
Narrowing of the foramen magnum
thickening of the os tentorium
Thickening of the arch of the atlas
VITAMIN A Deficiency.
Seiler et al: CT heartworm dogs: What lung lobe was affect the earliest?
Right caudal
Seiler et al: CT heartworm dogs: What were the characterisitcs associated with HW in dogs?
Enlarged pulmonary arteries - caudal
Arterial associated interstitial pattern
Filling defect
Patsikas et al: CT and rads indirect lymphogram mammary cats: What were the results and what does this mean?
Rads - accurate in demostrating the draining pathway in 5-30min post injection
CT- Better identified small lymphatic and exact sentinel lymph node in 1 min post injection.
CT is better for accuracy but both were easy.
Ballegeer et al: CT TB lymph nodes: What is the lymph node to thoracic body ratio and the absolute measurement suggested for abnormal enlargement?
12mm
1.05 - 100% NPV if under this
Gives around a 90% accuracy for metastatic disease.
Heterogenous or ring pattern is also related to metastatic disease
Ballegeer et al: CT TB lymph nodes: What is the suggested slice thickness to scan in for TB LN?
1-1.5mm
What is the most common pulmonary artery to be affect by HW?
Right caudal.
Travetti et al: Cholesteatoma CT dog: what is a cholesteatoma?
Epidermoid cyst of the middle ear.