Need to knows Flashcards
What is the ratio of bronchial wall thickness to pulmonary artery diameter on CT images that will give 77% sensitivity and 100% specificity in predicting the presence of chronic bronchitis in the CRANIAL lung lobes in dogs?
>0.6 Radiographs are bad at predicting this (65% sensititve) so trying to make an objective measure.
What could cause abnormal bronchial wall thickness to pulmonary artery diameter on CT images that is not related to bronchial disease?
Pulmonary hypertension -
Echocardiogram is recommended
Measuring wrong
Is getting bronchial wall thickness to pulmonary artery diameter ratios on CT images easy?
No.. ~18% of the time they could not get a ratio
What bronchial wall thickness to pulmonary artery diameter ratio was bigger in dogs on CT… Cranial or caudal lungs?
Cranial
They don’t know why
What is the common features of histiocytic sarcoma in the thorax?
Ventral right middle lung lobe mass
TB and sternal lymphadenopathy
Most common lesion in the abdomen for histiocytic sarcoma?
hypoechoic well-defined nodules in the spleen
Tsukagoshi et al: Decreased gallbladder emptying dogs, What three groups showed decreased gallbladder empyting at 60 min after eating?
Mobile sludge
Immobile sludge
Mucocele
Tsukagoshi et al: Decreased gallbladder emptying dogs, Other than decreased emptying at 60 min what else was seen in dogs with mobile sludge, immobile sludge and mucoceles?
Gallbladder distension
Tsukagoshi et al: Decreased gallbladder emptying dogs, what muscle needs to relax to let bile out?
Sphincter of Oddi
Tsukagoshi et al: Decreased gallbladder emptying dogs, What is the normal emptying ml/kg in a fasting gallbladder on US?
<1ml/kg or >25% total volume within 2 hours
Tsukagoshi et al: Decreased gallbladder emptying dogs, when was postprandial gallbladder volume recorded?
60 and 120 min. No meds were used just fasting and feeding
Tsukagoshi et al: Decreased gallbladder emptying dogs,, how was the volume calculated?
0.52 x L x W x D
Tsukagoshi et al: Decreased gallbladder emptying dogs, How was ejection fraction calculated?
(Volume before - volume after/volume before) x 100.
Tsukagoshi et al: Decreased gallbladder emptying dogs, what was the conclusion with this paper?
Dogs with biliary sludge had diminished gallbladder motor function. The consequence of this is unknown.
Tsukagoshi et al: Decreased gallbladder emptying dogs, was there a significant difference between ejection fraction of immobile sludge and mucocele?
No there was not but there was when comparing mobile sludge to mucoceles.
Tsukagoshi et al: Decreased gallbladder emptying dogs, what modifications to the gallbladder ejection fraction method was made in this paper?
Reducing the number of observation points (just 2) Taking body weight into account in quantity of test meal Excluding erythromycin administration
What two endocrinopathies are associated witih gallbladder mucoceles and lipidemia?
Hypothyroidism
Hyperadrenocorticism
Bruehschwein et al: Contrast-enhanced MRA with PSS, What type of MRA was used in this study to detect PSS?
Contrast-enhanced…. NOT Time of flight
Bruehschwein et al: Contrast-enhanced MRA with PSS, what sequence was used in this study?
T1W-FLASH-3D (20s)
What types of MRA are there?
Time of flight
Contrast enhanced
Phase-contrast
Bruehschwein et al: Contrast-enhanced MRA with PSS, what dose and type of contrast was used?
Gadodiamide - 0.5ml/kg
Bruehschwein et al: Contrast-enhanced MRA with PSS, how were postcontrast acquisitions acquired?
After hyperventilation, One after another for 1 min so…approximately 3 were performed and the best with portal filling was taken MIP of subtrastion
Bruehschwein et al: Contrast-enhanced MRA with PSS, Advanced of CE-MRA vs TOF MRA?
Time.
CE-MRA = 10min
TOF MRA = 40-60 min
Bruehschwein et al: Contrast-enhanced MRA with PSS, MIPs should be obtained at what angles?
Many different angles to visualize the shunt.
Hanazono et al: US prog factors of TCC in dogs, what are the three negative prognostic indicators in dogs with TCC seen on US?
Trigonal region
Wall involvement
Heterogenous mass
Hanazono et al: US prog factors of TCC in dogs, what layer was considered to be wall involvement?
Muscularis
Hanazono et al: US prog factors of TCC in dogs, Wall involvement was only seen in what disease?
TCC
Hanazono et al: US prog factors of TCC in dogs, Wall involvemnt on US was significantly associated with histopath muscular layer involvement..T/F?
True (Sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 92%) 25/27
Hanazono et al: US prog factors of TCC in dogs, Necrosis was more notable in tumors with what US findings?
Wall involvement
Tumor >20mm
Heterogeneous
Trigone region
Necrosis was significantly linked to poor prognosis.
Hanazono et al: US prog factors of TCC in dogs, high mitotic index was observed in cases with what US findings?
Trigone location
Nonpedunculated
High mitotic rate did not have a significantly decrease survival time.
Hanazono et al: US prog factors of TCC in dogs, how many layers of the urinary bladder are seen on ultrasound and what are their echogenicities?
Submucosa - Hyperechoic
Muscularis - hypoechoic
Serosa - Hyerechoci
Bradbury et al: Prostatomegaly/prostatic mineralization and diagnosis in dogs, Mineralization in a neutered dog had a PPV of what for prostatic neoplasia? NPV? sensitivity and specificity?
100% - PPV****
50% - NPV
84% - Senstivity
100% - Specificity****
Bradbury et al: Prostatomegaly/prostatic mineralization and diagnosis in dogs, Mineralization in an intact dog had a PPV of what for prostatic neoplasia? NPV? sensitivity and specificity?
22% - PPV 96% - NPV**** 67% - Sensitivity 77% - Specificity They included paraprostatic cysts for mineralization and no cancer.. Therefore, PPV may be more.
Bradbury et al: Prostatomegaly/prostatic mineralization and diagnosis in dogs, according to this study mineralization in an intact dog along with region lymphadenopathy cannot differentiat between neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases… so what radiographic signs make you think more neoplastic?
Pulmonary mets Periosteal reaction on the regional bones.
Jones et al: effects of position and clinical signs on LS area and angle on CT, What position was the mean foraminal area and LS angle significantly smaller?
Extended
Jones et al: effects of position and clinical signs on LS area and angle on CT, Was there a significant difference between dogs with or without clinical signs, and percentage of change in extension?
No… no significant difference.
Jones et al: effects of position and clinical signs on LS area and angle on CT, Was there a significant correlation between percentage positional change in dogs with ipsilateral hind limb lameness and LS pain?
Yes.
Malcolm et al: left atrial vertebral heart score in MMVD; What is the indicated cut off for predictor of LA enlargment?
2.3 or greater.
What is the limit to the reduction of the dorsal CSF column on a horse with a cervical myelogram?
<50% is normal - over that is considered compression (new one is 65-70% to get more specificity)
What is the limit to the reduction of the dorsal CSF column on a horse with a cervical myelogram at the level of C7-T1?
60%
What is the limit to the reduction of the total dural to dural width in a horse with a cervical myelogram?
20%
What are common signs post myelogram in a horse?
Seizure
Ataxia
Fever
Blindness
ALL transient.
What is the mgI/ml used in an equine myelogram?
240mg/ml
What is the dose for an equine myelogram?
50ml
What was the most common MRI findings when looking at foal septic arthritis?
Hyperintense center T2, STIR and PD with a hypointense rim
Kraft et al: PNST in dogs on MRI: What sequence was critical in detecting the subtle involvement and full extent of a PNST?
T1- post contrast
Louvet et al: Twinkle artifact: What type of stone produced the high grade twinkles in the in vitro study?
Mottled and rough surfaced stones - regardless of make up of stone
Stone size - regardless of make up of stone
Doppler gain increases (not on struvite though)
