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Need to knows Flashcards

1
Q

What is the ratio of bronchial wall thickness to pulmonary artery diameter on CT images that will give 77% sensitivity and 100% specificity in predicting the presence of chronic bronchitis in the CRANIAL lung lobes in dogs?

A

>0.6 Radiographs are bad at predicting this (65% sensititve) so trying to make an objective measure.

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2
Q

What could cause abnormal bronchial wall thickness to pulmonary artery diameter on CT images that is not related to bronchial disease?

A

Pulmonary hypertension -

Echocardiogram is recommended

Measuring wrong

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3
Q

Is getting bronchial wall thickness to pulmonary artery diameter ratios on CT images easy?

A

No.. ~18% of the time they could not get a ratio

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4
Q

What bronchial wall thickness to pulmonary artery diameter ratio was bigger in dogs on CT… Cranial or caudal lungs?

A

Cranial

They don’t know why

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5
Q

What is the common features of histiocytic sarcoma in the thorax?

A

Ventral right middle lung lobe mass

TB and sternal lymphadenopathy

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6
Q

Most common lesion in the abdomen for histiocytic sarcoma?

A

hypoechoic well-defined nodules in the spleen

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7
Q

Tsukagoshi et al: Decreased gallbladder emptying dogs, What three groups showed decreased gallbladder empyting at 60 min after eating?

A

Mobile sludge

Immobile sludge

Mucocele

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8
Q

Tsukagoshi et al: Decreased gallbladder emptying dogs, Other than decreased emptying at 60 min what else was seen in dogs with mobile sludge, immobile sludge and mucoceles?

A

Gallbladder distension

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9
Q

Tsukagoshi et al: Decreased gallbladder emptying dogs, what muscle needs to relax to let bile out?

A

Sphincter of Oddi

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10
Q

Tsukagoshi et al: Decreased gallbladder emptying dogs, What is the normal emptying ml/kg in a fasting gallbladder on US?

A

<1ml/kg or >25% total volume within 2 hours

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11
Q

Tsukagoshi et al: Decreased gallbladder emptying dogs, when was postprandial gallbladder volume recorded?

A

60 and 120 min. No meds were used just fasting and feeding

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12
Q

Tsukagoshi et al: Decreased gallbladder emptying dogs,, how was the volume calculated?

A

0.52 x L x W x D

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13
Q

Tsukagoshi et al: Decreased gallbladder emptying dogs, How was ejection fraction calculated?

A

(Volume before - volume after/volume before) x 100.

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14
Q

Tsukagoshi et al: Decreased gallbladder emptying dogs, what was the conclusion with this paper?

A

Dogs with biliary sludge had diminished gallbladder motor function. The consequence of this is unknown.

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15
Q

Tsukagoshi et al: Decreased gallbladder emptying dogs, was there a significant difference between ejection fraction of immobile sludge and mucocele?

A

No there was not but there was when comparing mobile sludge to mucoceles.

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16
Q

Tsukagoshi et al: Decreased gallbladder emptying dogs, what modifications to the gallbladder ejection fraction method was made in this paper?

A

Reducing the number of observation points (just 2) Taking body weight into account in quantity of test meal Excluding erythromycin administration

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17
Q

What two endocrinopathies are associated witih gallbladder mucoceles and lipidemia?

A

Hypothyroidism

Hyperadrenocorticism

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18
Q

Bruehschwein et al: Contrast-enhanced MRA with PSS, What type of MRA was used in this study to detect PSS?

A

Contrast-enhanced…. NOT Time of flight

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19
Q

Bruehschwein et al: Contrast-enhanced MRA with PSS, what sequence was used in this study?

A

T1W-FLASH-3D (20s)

20
Q

What types of MRA are there?

A

Time of flight

Contrast enhanced

Phase-contrast

21
Q

Bruehschwein et al: Contrast-enhanced MRA with PSS, what dose and type of contrast was used?

A

Gadodiamide - 0.5ml/kg

22
Q

Bruehschwein et al: Contrast-enhanced MRA with PSS, how were postcontrast acquisitions acquired?

A

After hyperventilation, One after another for 1 min so…approximately 3 were performed and the best with portal filling was taken MIP of subtrastion

23
Q

Bruehschwein et al: Contrast-enhanced MRA with PSS, Advanced of CE-MRA vs TOF MRA?

A

Time.

CE-MRA = 10min

TOF MRA = 40-60 min

24
Q

Bruehschwein et al: Contrast-enhanced MRA with PSS, MIPs should be obtained at what angles?

A

Many different angles to visualize the shunt.

25
Q

Hanazono et al: US prog factors of TCC in dogs, what are the three negative prognostic indicators in dogs with TCC seen on US?

A

Trigonal region

Wall involvement

Heterogenous mass

26
Q

Hanazono et al: US prog factors of TCC in dogs, what layer was considered to be wall involvement?

A

Muscularis

27
Q

Hanazono et al: US prog factors of TCC in dogs, Wall involvement was only seen in what disease?

A

TCC

28
Q

Hanazono et al: US prog factors of TCC in dogs, Wall involvemnt on US was significantly associated with histopath muscular layer involvement..T/F?

A

True (Sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 92%) 25/27

29
Q

Hanazono et al: US prog factors of TCC in dogs, Necrosis was more notable in tumors with what US findings?

A

Wall involvement

Tumor >20mm

Heterogeneous

Trigone region

Necrosis was significantly linked to poor prognosis.

30
Q

Hanazono et al: US prog factors of TCC in dogs, high mitotic index was observed in cases with what US findings?

A

Trigone location

Nonpedunculated

High mitotic rate did not have a significantly decrease survival time.

31
Q

Hanazono et al: US prog factors of TCC in dogs, how many layers of the urinary bladder are seen on ultrasound and what are their echogenicities?

A

Submucosa - Hyperechoic

Muscularis - hypoechoic

Serosa - Hyerechoci

32
Q

Bradbury et al: Prostatomegaly/prostatic mineralization and diagnosis in dogs, Mineralization in a neutered dog had a PPV of what for prostatic neoplasia? NPV? sensitivity and specificity?

A

100% - PPV****

50% - NPV

84% - Senstivity

100% - Specificity****

33
Q

Bradbury et al: Prostatomegaly/prostatic mineralization and diagnosis in dogs, Mineralization in an intact dog had a PPV of what for prostatic neoplasia? NPV? sensitivity and specificity?

A

22% - PPV 96% - NPV**** 67% - Sensitivity 77% - Specificity They included paraprostatic cysts for mineralization and no cancer.. Therefore, PPV may be more.

34
Q

Bradbury et al: Prostatomegaly/prostatic mineralization and diagnosis in dogs, according to this study mineralization in an intact dog along with region lymphadenopathy cannot differentiat between neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases… so what radiographic signs make you think more neoplastic?

A

Pulmonary mets Periosteal reaction on the regional bones.

35
Q

Jones et al: effects of position and clinical signs on LS area and angle on CT, What position was the mean foraminal area and LS angle significantly smaller?

A

Extended

36
Q

Jones et al: effects of position and clinical signs on LS area and angle on CT, Was there a significant difference between dogs with or without clinical signs, and percentage of change in extension?

A

No… no significant difference.

37
Q

Jones et al: effects of position and clinical signs on LS area and angle on CT, Was there a significant correlation between percentage positional change in dogs with ipsilateral hind limb lameness and LS pain?

A

Yes.

38
Q

Malcolm et al: left atrial vertebral heart score in MMVD; What is the indicated cut off for predictor of LA enlargment?

A

2.3 or greater.

39
Q

What is the limit to the reduction of the dorsal CSF column on a horse with a cervical myelogram?

A

<50% is normal - over that is considered compression (new one is 65-70% to get more specificity)

40
Q

What is the limit to the reduction of the dorsal CSF column on a horse with a cervical myelogram at the level of C7-T1?

A

60%

41
Q

What is the limit to the reduction of the total dural to dural width in a horse with a cervical myelogram?

A

20%

42
Q

What are common signs post myelogram in a horse?

A

Seizure

Ataxia

Fever

Blindness

ALL transient.

43
Q

What is the mgI/ml used in an equine myelogram?

A

240mg/ml

44
Q

What is the dose for an equine myelogram?

A

50ml

45
Q

What was the most common MRI findings when looking at foal septic arthritis?

A

Hyperintense center T2, STIR and PD with a hypointense rim

46
Q

Kraft et al: PNST in dogs on MRI: What sequence was critical in detecting the subtle involvement and full extent of a PNST?

A

T1- post contrast

47
Q

Louvet et al: Twinkle artifact: What type of stone produced the high grade twinkles in the in vitro study?

A

Mottled and rough surfaced stones - regardless of make up of stone

Stone size - regardless of make up of stone

Doppler gain increases (not on struvite though)

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