VRU 2005 Flashcards
Cherubini et al: How many times more likely is contrast enhancement and mass effect in neoplastic lesions vs non-neoplastic lesions?
- 8x more likely to contrast enhance
- 5x more likely to have a mass effect
What are some features that a common in meningiomas and not lymphoma?
Hyperosteosis Cytic or fluid accumulations
Higher grade gliomas tend to have what MRI characteristics?
Contrast enhancement
Central area of hypointense on T1W images corresponding to necrosis
CNS lymphomas commonly have what type of DWI and ADC characteristics?
Restricted diffusion - due to infiltration of cells.
Lamb et al: US calcanean tendon: What are the three parts of the calcanean tendon?
- SDF tendon
- conjoined tendon
- Gastrocnemius m
Lamb et al: US calcanean tendon: What are the two parts of the conjoined tendon in the calcanean tendon?
- Tendons from the biceps femoris
- Gracilis
- Semitendinosis
Lamb et al: US calcanean tendon: What breed is this rupture common?
Dobies
Lamb et al: What side of the calcaneus does the calcanean tendon attach to?
Lateral
Lamb et al: What side of the calcaneus does the cojointed tendon attach to?
Dorsal aspect of the calcanean
Lamb et al: In the mid-tibia where is the conjoined tendon comopared to the SDF? What about in the distal tibia?
The conjoined is always ventral to the gastrac and SDF
Lamb et al: US calcanean tendon: The SDF is where compared to the gastracniemus tendon at the level of the mid-tibia? What about the distal tibia?
Mid-tibia: SDF is medial to the gastrocniemus
Distal: SDF is on top or caudal to the gastrocniemus
Lamb et al: US calcanean tendon: is it hard to destinguish between the SDF and gastron on sagittals?
YES. they look the same
Lamb et al: US calcanean tendon: What is the echogenicity difference between the gastroc, conjoined and the SDF?
SDF and gastroc are the same
The conjoined is more hypoechoic.
Tyson et al: CT of Normal feline pituatary; What is the mean width and height of hypophysis of a cat?
- 2 +/- 0.4mm width
- 1 +/- 0.3mm height
Tyson et al: CT of Normal feline pituatary; What is the mean time to enhancement? Range?
Mean: 28 +/-15s
Range (14-50s)
Tyson et al: CT of Normal feline pituatary; What is the mean time to clearance of enhancement?
292 +/- 87s
Tyson et al: CT of Normal feline pituatary; What was the two times of enhancement patterns noted?
Dorsal and peripheral
Central
What is this?
Bipartite distal sesamoid
Bipartite P3
Heng et al: intramural radiolucent band in cats’ stomach; Where is this fat located?
Submucosa
Heng et al: intramural radiolucent band in cats’ stomach; What percentage of cats in this study was there this band seen?
35% - in the fundus and body
Trangerud et al: Bone remodeling in radius and ulna in 54 newfoundland dogs: what percentage of dogs radiographs had these changes?
45.3%
Trangerud et al: Bone remodeling in radius and ulna in 54 newfoundland dogs: What other type of dogs have this been seen in?
Great danes
Trangerud et al: Bone remodeling in radius and ulna in 54 newfoundland dogs: When were these changes most commonly seen?
6 months of age
Trangerud et al: Bone remodeling in radius and ulna in 54 newfoundland dogs: What diseases are differentials and how are they distinguished?
HOD - however, these changes are in the diaphysis as well as the metaphysis with no horizontal lines in the metaphysis and no physeal flaring
Pano - This disease does involve the metaphysis as well. These changes are more distinct as well.
Lamb et al: MRI of dogs with inflammatory CSF: What MRI pattern was most frequent with an inflammatory CSF?
Multifocal/diffuse intracranial lesion that were T2 hyperintense.
Lamb et al: MRI of dogs with inflammatory CSF: What percentage of MRIs were normal with inflammatory CSF?
24%
McConnell et al: MRI of presumed cerebellar CVAs in dogs; What location was the most common location for CVA in this study?
Gray matter of the cerebellar hemispheres or vermis.
McConnell et al: MRI of presumed cerebellar CVAs in dogs; What artery was the most common location for CVA in this study?
Rostral cerebellar artery
McConnell et al: MRI of presumed cerebellar CVAs in dogs; What was the most common characteristics for CVA in this study?
T2 hyperintensity (1 was hypo)
No mass effect
Non-contrast enhancing (some did)
DWI hyperintense ADC hypointense
McConnell et al: MRI of presumed cerebellar CVAs in dogs; What breed was over represented?
CKCS
McConnell et al: MRI of presumed cerebellar CVAs in dogs; What sequences were recommended?
DWI and GRE (hemorrhage)
Grunenfelder et al: MRI spinal cord infarction small breed dogs; What was the charactistic of these lesions?
Same as FCE - focal intramedullary, T2 hyperintensity.
Lori et al: Variation in the lumbar spine of ewe; Is it common to see ewes with 6 lumbar vertebra?
Yes: 50/50 6 vs 7 lumbar vert
Prather et al; CT adds to radiographs in the thorax; does CT add information to thoracic radiographs?
YES… most of the time… with number and location mostly.
Zurob et al: MRI DIP collateral ligament injury horse; What percentage of injury to the distal interphalangeal joint has normal rads?
2/3
Zurob et al: MRI DIP collateral ligament injury horse; What is this structure?
Collateral ligaments of the distal interphalangeal joint
Zurob et al: MRI DIP collateral ligament injury horse; Where does the collateral ligaments of the DIP joint insert on P3?
Just lateral and medial to the extensor process.
Zurob et al: MRI DIP collateral ligament injury horse; What intensity are ligaments?
Hypointense on all sequences.
Hansson et al: VHS of Normal and abnormal dogs: What is the biggest variation in measuring VHS?
Selection of placement of reference points
Tranformation of dimensions to VHS units.
Murray et al: Scintigraphic distal tarsal region in horse with distal tarsal pain; Distal tarsal pain was associated with what?
Loss of the expected pattern of RU
Murray et al: Scintigraphic distal tarsal region in horse with distal tarsal pain; Increased RU in the distal tarsus was noted in what two instances?
Limbs of lame horses
Limbs with radiographic OA
Fischetti et al: Effect of methimazole on uptake of 99mTcO4 in hyperthyroid cats; What is the mechanism of methimazole?
Reversibly blocks organification of iodide AND coupling of iodotyrosines
Fischetti et al: Effect of methimazole on uptake of 99mTcO4 in hyperthyroid cats; Did thyroid scintigraphy significantly change after methimazole treatment in hyperthyroid cats?
No. because TSH suppression is still happening.
T:S Max at 20 min was 0.74— Normal is <1.0
Fischetti et al: Effect of methimazole on uptake of 99mTcO4 in hyperthyroid cats; Why did they treat cats with methimazole 30 days before 131I treatment or surgery?
To see if renal disease was present.
Fischetti et al: Effect of methimazole on uptake of 99mTcO4 in hyperthyroid cats; Is 99mTc04 organified?
No and therefore should not be affected by methimazole treatment… HOWEVER, there was a paper that said that methimazole in normal cats did have increased uptake of 99mTcO4 and 123I. This was done due to increased TSH and thus increased trapping of the radiopharms.
Fischetti et al: Effect of methimazole on uptake of 99mTcO4 in hyperthyroid cats; What is the normal percentage uptake of 99mTcO4 in normal cats?
0.64-0.75%
Fischetti et al: Effect of methimazole on uptake of 99mTcO4 in hyperthyroid cats; Why do they think methimazole will not increase TSH and therefore not increase RU in hyperthyroid cats?
Because hyperthyroid cats have suppressed TSH.. Therefore only prolonged T4 suppression would cause TSH to rise back up again.
Fischetti et al: Effect of methimazole on uptake of 99mTcO4 in hyperthyroid cats; What was the one problem with 99mTcO4 scans and methimazole when discussing unilateral disease?
Sometimes the methimazole causes increase of TSH because of blocking of the T4. This causes the previous suppressed lobe to start uptaking iodine again because it is no longer suppressed.
SO YOU MIGHT HAVE BILATERAL UPTAKE IN UNILATERAL DISEASE. This can cause problems when discussing treatment options.
Benigni et al: FLAIR T2 MRI in dogs and cats; What percentage of animals did this study find pathology on FLAIR and not T2? Visa versa?
3%
Visa versa - no pathology was found on T2 that was not on FLAIR
Benigni et al: FLAIR T2 MRI in dogs and cats; How is a FLAIR signal proceduced?
Long TE = T2W
Inversion pulse that nulls pure water and CSF
Benigni et al: FLAIR T2 MRI in dogs and cats; One disadvantage of FLAIR?
Suseptible to flow artifact.
Nyman et al: CEUS in normal canine liver; Was there a difference between anesthetized patients and non-anesthetized patients?
Yes, but only in TIME TO PEAK ENHANCEMENT.
35s in non-sedated
46 in sedated.
Explained by the use of propfol that increases hepatic arterial flow and reduces systemic arterial presure.
Nyman et al: CEUS in normal canine liver; Sonovue is what type of US contrast agent?
Sulfur hexafluorid microbubbles.
Nyman et al: CEUS in normal canine liver; What were the adverse effects seen in dogs?
None… there are some seen in humans
No changes in the clinical laboratory
Larson et al: Age changes in US of normal feline pancreas: What are the lower and upper limts of width in a cats pancreas - body vs left limb?
Body: 3.5-8.5mm
Left limb: 2.6-9.5mm
Clinically 1cm is normal
Larson et al: Age changes in US of normal feline pancreas: what are the size and echogenicity changes in a cats pancreas as it ages?
None.
Larson et al: Age changes in US of normal feline pancreas: What are the lower and upper limts of width in a cats pancreatic duct? Did the size change with age?
0.65-2.5mm Both body and left limb.
Yes.. weak linear correlation between duct diameter and age.
Abrasmson et al: MRI findings of ischemic myelopathy in dogs: What are the common findings in dogs with suspect ischemic myelopathy?
Focal intramedullary, hyerpintense lesion on T2 representing edema or gliosis
Variable contrast enhancement.
Asymmetrical
Blond et al: Sensitivity and specificity of radiographs in canine elbow incongruence; What causes elbow incongruity in dogs?
Underdeveloped radius
Blond et al: Sensitivity and specificity of radiographs in canine elbow incongruence; Simulating weight bearing elbows significantly increased/decreased the sensistivty of radiographs to find elbow incongruence?
Decreased at both 1mm and 2mm incongruence.
Specificity went up.
Blond et al: Sensitivity and specificity of radiographs in canine elbow incongruence; What ws the sensitivity for radiographic detecting >2mm incongruence at 90º vs flexed 135º?
90 = 100%
135= 80%
Blond et al: Sensitivity and specificity of radiographs in canine elbow incongruence; What ws the sensitivity for radiographic detecting 1mm incongruence at 90º vs flexed 135º?
90 = 60%
135 = 85%
Blond et al: Sensitivity and specificity of radiographs in canine elbow incongruence; what is the overall message of this paper?
Radiographs are sensitive and specific when evaluation moderate to severe radio-ulnar incongruence.
Patsikas et al: Color doppler US in predicting intussusception reducibility in dogs; Color flow Doppler seen in the mesentery of the intussuceptum achieved what percentage of reducability?
75%
Patsikas et al: Color doppler US in predicting intussusception reducibility in dogs; Color flow Doppler Not seen in the mesentery of the intussuceptum achieved what percentage of reducability?
0% - great NPV
Patsikas et al: Color doppler US in predicting intussusception reducibility in dogs; What was the advice of the author to avoid accidentally picking the most ischemic portion of the intussusceptum and calling it non-reducible?
Pick at least three areas to evaluate.
Head et al: CT and Radiolabeled leukocytes in cat with pancreatitis; when was the peak uptake of the pancreas in this cat with pancreatitis?
4 hr and persisted until 17 hr
Head et al: CT and Radiolabeled leukocytes in cat with pancreatitis; when was the peak enhancement of the pancreas in this cat with pancreatitis?
10min - heterogeneous
Head et al: CT and Radiolabeled leukocytes in cat with pancreatitis; What was the difference in the cat with pancreatitis and normal cat pancreases on CT?
Normal - homogeneous enhancement - enhanced right away
Pancreatitis - Heterogenous enhancement, 10 min to enhancement, irregular margination, larger.
Head et al: CT and Radiolabeled leukocytes in cat with pancreatitis; What radiopharm was used?
99mTc HMPAO
Hammond et al: radiographic views for imaging the feline tympanic bulla; What are the two best views for imaging the feline tympanic bulla?
Open mouth rostral caudal
Rostral 10ºventral - Caudal dorsal (coming up from the chin at a 10º angle)
Zekas et al: CT sampling of intrathoracic lesions in dogs and cats: What was the most common complication?
Sub-clinical pneumothorax and hemorrhage…43%… when penetrating aerated lungs to get to sample.
Zekas et al: CT sampling of intrathoracic lesions in dogs and cats: Standard in humans after sampling is to take radiographs when?
2-4 hours post sampling.
Zekas et al: CT sampling of intrathoracic lesions in dogs and cats: What was the percentage of inconclusive diagnostic results?
35% FNA and 17% biopsies
Walker et al: ALI following massive bee envenomation: What pattern did this cause?
Bilateral - Non-cardiogenic ALI
Lamb et al: US of canine elbow: what anatomy can be seen?
lateral collateral lig
anconeal process
triceps tendon
Origin of olecranon lig
Biceps tendon insertion
medial collateral ligament
Medial coronoid process.
Lamb et al: US of canine elbow: Where does the supinator originate?
Lateral humeral epicondyle
runs cranial
Lamb et al: US of canine elbow: Where does the triceps attach?
The anconeal and olecranon
Lamb et al: US of canine elbow: Where does the biceps insert?
Medial aspect of the proximal radius and ulna
Lamb et al: US of canine elbow: Where does the medial collateral lig attach?
The medial epicondyle and splits to attach to both the proximal radius and ulna.
IT ALSO ATTACHES TO THE MEDIAL CORONOID PROCESS!
Lamb et al: US of canine elbow: Where does the MCP lay?
Under the medial collateral ligament.
Best see on a 90º flexed.
Morandi et al: Trans-splenic portal scintigraphy in 28 dogs, What is one downside of trans-splenic portal scintigraphy?
Cannot differentiate intra-hepatic from portocaval.
Morandi et al: Trans-splenic portal scintigraphy in 28 dogs, What is the main reason for a non-diagnostic study?
Intraperitoneal injection
Morandi et al: Trans-splenic portal scintigraphy in 28 dogs, What were the three pathways recognized on portal scintigraphy?
- Portoazygos - parallel to the spine and enters heart craniodorsally (J-shape)
- Single portocaval - straight shot to the heart missing the liver
- Internal thoracic - Ventrally along the thorax and abdomen entering heart cranially. (Picture with multiple aquired)
Morandi et al: Trans-splenic portal scintigraphy in 28 dogs, What are the three advantages of trans-splenic vs per-rectal?
- Higher count density
- Consistent with venogram
- Reduction of radiation exposure.
Morandi et al: Trans-splenic portal scintigraphy in 28 dogs, What pattern is this?
Multiple aquired.
Solano et al: Acepromazine with three phase bone scan in horses; What was the main difference in horses sedated with acepromazine?
Earlier onset of vascular phase during triple phase bone scan
Due to increase blood flow and vasodilation
Solano et al: Acepromazine with three phase bone scan in horses; Did it affect the soft-tissue or bone phases including count density?
No
Solano et al: Acepromazine with three phase bone scan in horses; How does Acepromazine work?
Blocks postsynaptic dopamine receptors centrally and alpha-adrenergic receptors peripherally
Causing peripheral vasodilation
Solano et al: Acepromazine with three phase bone scan in horses; What was the difference between initial blood flow and peak blood flow in horse sedated with ace and normal horses?
12s - initial blood flow difference
21s - peak flow
Zatelli et al: Comparing semiautomatic Trucut and automated Biopince biopsy needles; What was the clinical difference?
Nothing.. they get the same amount of glomeruli and same length
Salwei et al: Lymphomatous LN in dogs US power doppler; What is the angioarchitecture of lymphomatous lymph nodes?
Displaced central hilar vessel
Aberrant vessels
Pericapsular vessels
Subcapsular vessels
Loss of central hyperechoic band
Nyman et al: Characterizationof normal and abnormal LN; What were the RI and PI cut off for malignancy?
RI: >0.68
PI: >1.49
Nyman et al: Characterizationof normal and abnormal LN; What was the different between in the S/L axis between normal and reactive vs lymphoma?
>0.7 and round - lymphoma
<0.6 oviod - reactive or normal.
Torisu et al: Dogs and Cats MRI of Brain with PSS; What are the main imaging findings of hepatoencephalopathy due to PSS?
Bilateral hyperintense foci in the lentiform nuclei on T1W- Non contrast enhancing
Widened Sulci.
Lamb et al: US canine calcaneal tendon: What are the three components of the calcaneal tendon?
Gastrocnemius
SDF
Conjoined (Biceps femoris, gracelis, semitendinosus)
Lamb et al: US canine calcaneal tendon: What is the average transverse size of the coinjoined, gastrocnemis and SDF at mid-calcaneal tendon?
2.4-3.2mm
Lamb et al: US canine calcaneal tendon: What is part of the conjoined tendon?
Biceps femoris
Semitendinous
Gracilis
Lamb et al: US canine calcaneal tendon: Where is the SDF compared to the gastrocnemius tendon?
First (proximal) it is medial and then it turns superfical
Walker et al: ALI and CT; What is the distrubtion of ALI?
Bilateral caudodorsal .
MacDonald et al: Cardiac MRI compared with Echo for LV mass in cats; Which modality is more accurate?
MRI with only 2% inter/intraobserver variability
MacDonald et al: Cardiac MRI compared with Echo for LV mass in cats; What stage of the cardiac cycle was most accurate in MRI?
End-systole
Weinstein et al: Evaluation of abdomen US post surgery: What was the limiting factors of the visualization post-surgery?
PAIN
not air
Weinstein et al: Evaluation of abdomen US post surgery: Visualization of the abdomen was good when?
Both 24h and 2-6wks post-surgery
Zubrod et al: MRI of collateral lig of the DIP: High signal on the STIR and T2W images represents what in lig, tendons or bone?
Fluid accumulation and inflammation.
Grunenfelder et al: MRI of spinal infarction; what are the characteristics of a FCE?
Focal
Intramedullary
T2 hyperintensity
What should be on the differential list for mutifocal, compressive spinal cord lesions?
Papillary meingiomas.
Oyama et al: Assessement of cardiac chambers via Anatomic m-mode: Convention m-mode greatly underestimates what vs anatomic m-mode?
A-mm is the straight line C-mm is the dotted
Left atrial diameter
Oyama et al: Assessement of cardiac chambers via Anatomic m-mode: What are the main advantages of AMM vs CMM?
Greater accuracy and less variability.
Busoni et al: MRI of DDFT and Navcular bone in horses with navicular disease: What were the two most common groups of changes seen on MRI?
Tendonous - 12/13
Bone - all
Busoni et al: MRI of DDFT and Navcular bone in horses with navicular disease: Where were the most tendon lesions located?
Level of the distal sesamoid bone
The proximal recess of the podotrochlear bursa
Busoni et al: MRI of DDFT and Navcular bone in horses with navicular disease: DDFT lesions associated with the area around the palmar aspect of the navicular were all what type of lesions, compared to lesions proximal to the navicular bone?
Palmar aspect of the NB = All core lesions
Proximal to NB = Dorsal abrasions
Busoni et al: MRI of DDFT and Navcular bone in horses with navicular disease: What were the two common changes to the trabecular bone of the navicular bone? Where do they most commonly occur? What do they mean?
- T1 hypointense, T2 hyperintense
- Means bone edema, hemorrhage or necrosis, cyst, FIBROSIS
- Commonly seen in the distal NB and could be a continuation of the synovial invaginations
- T1 hypointense, T2 hypointense, PD hypointense
- Means sclerosis
- Seen in both proximal and distal half of the NB
- The distal half is commonly associated with the distal sesasmoidena impar ligament attachment.
Busoni et al: MRI of DDFT and Navcular bone in horses with navicular disease: Lesions in the DDFT without distal sesmoid bone abnormalities will be where? While lesions in the DDFT WITH distal sesamoid bone abnormalities will be where?
DDFT without NB abnormalities - Proximal to the NB
DDFT with NB abnormalities - At the NB
Busoni et al: MRI of DDFT and Navcular bone in horses with navicular disease; Lesions in the DDFT were best seen on what sequence?
T1 or PD
Dennis: Assessment of location of Celiac and CM arteries relative to spine using MRI; What did this paper conlcude?
Location of these vessels varied considerably and therefore unreliable for localization of a spinal lesion.
Dennis: Assessment of location of Celiac and CM arteries relative to spine using MRI: What vertebral body did Celiac and CM arteries most commonly arise from?
L1
71% celiac
97% CM
Cherubini et al: MRI distinguishing neoplastic and non-neoplastic brain lesions in dogs and cats: What were the seven characteristics that were significantly associated with neoplasia?
- Single lesion
- Shape (sphere or ovoid)
- Mass effect
- Dural contact
- Dural tail
- Lesion affecting the adjacent bone
- Contrast enhancement
Cherubini et al: MRI distinguishing neoplastic and non-neoplastic brain lesions in dogs and cats: What clinical aspect was associated with neoplasia?
Increasing age.
D’Anjou et al: Radiographic diagnosis of lung lobe torsion: What were the predominant lung lobes that were involved?
Right middle for large breed dogs
Left crainal for small breed dogs
D’Anjou et al: Radiographic diagnosis of lung lobe torsion: What were the main radiographic findings?
Increased lobar opacity and pleural effusion - 100%
Vesicular emphysema - 87%
Loss of lobar bronchi visualization
Focal narrowing or blunting of lobar bronchi
Mediastinal shift
Curved/dorsally deviated trachea
Axially rotated carina. (picture)
Salwei et al: Lymphomatous LN in dogs using Contrast US vs Power Doppler; Which type of US were more vessels noted?
2.13 times more vessels noted on contrast harmonics
Esterline et al: Ureteral duplication; What is ureteral duplication?
A ureter ending a blind sac
Esterline et al: Comparsion of rads to CT lymphangiogram thoracic duct; Where was the most significant differences located between rads and CT?
Between T11 - T1
Esterline et al: Comparsion of rads to CT lymphangiogram thoracic duct; Where does the cisterna chyli live?
Caudal to L4 and just dorsal to the aorta
Torisu et al: MRI Brain of cats and dogs with PSS: What were the common characteristics of brain changes with PSS?
Widened Sulci
T1W hyperintensity of the Lentiform nuclei
No enhancement.
McDonnell: MRI of cervical meningiomas: What were the imaging characteristics of Meningiomas in the cervical spine?
Intradural extramedullary
Broad based
Contrast enhancing
T2W “golf tee sign (expansion of the subarachnoid space)
Some sneak down the intervertebral foramen
McDonnell: MRI of cervical meningiomas: What is the main differential for a spinal meningioma?
Nerve sheath tumor
Mair et al: DDFT Equine MRI in standing patient: What are the four different types of lesions identified?
Core
Sagittal splits
Dorsal border
Insertional
Combination off both were common.
Mair et al: DDFT Equine MRI in standing patient: What percentage of horses were found to have DDFT lesions with undiagnosed forefoot pain?
21%
Mair et al: DDFT Equine MRI in standing patient: What were the most common places for DDFT lesions?
Proximal interphalangeal joint to insertion of the DDFT
Mair et al: DDFT Equine MRI in standing patient: What were common concurrent abnormalities?
Navicular bone changes
Distension of the navicular bursa
Synovial distension of the DIP
Changes in the distal sesamoidean impar ligament.
Mair et al: DDFT Equine MRI in standing patient: what blocks were used to improve the lameness?
Palmar digital - 70% improved
Abaxial sesamoid - 100% improved
Mair et al: DDFT Equine MRI in standing patient: Does low-field standing MRI work?
YES!
Hasegawa et al: Interthalamic adhesion thickness in dogs; What were the avg adhension thickness for normal and demented groups of dogs?
Normal = 6.79 +/-0.7mm
Demented 3.82 +/- 0.79mm
Measure on both T2 and T1
THEY SUGGEST A 5.0mm or less interthalamic thickness as a critical point to define brain atrophy.
Winter et al: Liver angiography in normal dogs: When was the time to peak arterial and peak portal enhancement?
2-7s in arterial
23-46s portal
Samii et al: Urinary bladder CT; What is this picture of and what does it mean?
This is INVERTED CONSTRAST MEDIUM-URINE LAYERING
Caused by iincrease urinary bladder sediment (cellular, glucose), lipiduria, sperm or combination
Rose et al: Brachial plexus tumor US: What was the common US characteristics of a brachial plexus tumor?
Hypoechoic, tubular axillar mass
Rose et al: Brachial plexus tumor US: Where do most peripheral nerve shealth tumors come from?
Caudal cervical and cranial thoracic.
Rose et al: Brachial plexus tumor US: US is a good screening tool but more imaging is needed for number and extension of tumor? T/F
TRUE
Rose et al: Brachial plexus tumor US: What were the two factors that could lead to false positive for plexus tumors?
mistaking the axillary LN as a mass
Lack of doppler flow in the normal vessels (use different planes)
Evaluation of lymphoma in cats using 99mTc-Sestamibi: What is the mechanism of Sestamibi?
Concentrates in the mitochondria.. Concentrats in high metabolic tissues like cancer
Commonly see mandibular salivary glands, heart, liver, small intestine and kidneys
Role of lead in reducing radiation in equine bone scintigraphy; What was the mean dose reduction factors of the lead aprons?
3.6 to 5.7
Role of lead in reducing radiation in equine bone scintigraphy; Does 0.5mm of lead reduce the radiation exposure during bone scans at close and far away?
Yes at all distances.
Relationship between Echo abnormalities before and after I131 treatment in hyperthyroid cats; There is a correlation between the amount of echocardio abnormalities and T4 levels. T/F
False there is no correlation.
Relationship between Echo abnormalities before and after I131 treatment in hyperthyroid cats; Do all echo abnormalities go away after treatment?
No… So emerge after treatment
Only 10% of all abnormalities and changes in the abnormalities would be considered clinically relevant.
T:S ratio in euthyroid cats: What is the range of T:S(zygomatic) in normal cats?
0.48 -1.66
Whats your diagnosis?
linear moderate uptake aloong the caudal medial aspect of the humerus (caudal cortex)… Stress remodeling
Most common in thoroughbred and older than 3yo
Frequent in the caudodistal cortex or caudoproximal cortex
In frequently bilateral
What are radiographic changes indicative of stress fractures?
Medullary bone sclerosis and periosteal new bone.
Most common bones for stress fractures?
Humerus and MC/MTIII
The majority of humeral fractures from stress fractures run from where to where?
caudoproximal diaphysis medially through the craniodistal diaphysis.
Do standard breeds get MCIII stress fractures commonly?
No
