VRU 2005 Flashcards
Cherubini et al: How many times more likely is contrast enhancement and mass effect in neoplastic lesions vs non-neoplastic lesions?
- 8x more likely to contrast enhance
- 5x more likely to have a mass effect
What are some features that a common in meningiomas and not lymphoma?
Hyperosteosis Cytic or fluid accumulations
Higher grade gliomas tend to have what MRI characteristics?
Contrast enhancement
Central area of hypointense on T1W images corresponding to necrosis
CNS lymphomas commonly have what type of DWI and ADC characteristics?
Restricted diffusion - due to infiltration of cells.
Lamb et al: US calcanean tendon: What are the three parts of the calcanean tendon?
- SDF tendon
- conjoined tendon
- Gastrocnemius m
Lamb et al: US calcanean tendon: What are the two parts of the conjoined tendon in the calcanean tendon?
- Tendons from the biceps femoris
- Gracilis
- Semitendinosis
Lamb et al: US calcanean tendon: What breed is this rupture common?
Dobies
Lamb et al: What side of the calcaneus does the calcanean tendon attach to?
Lateral
Lamb et al: What side of the calcaneus does the cojointed tendon attach to?
Dorsal aspect of the calcanean
Lamb et al: In the mid-tibia where is the conjoined tendon comopared to the SDF? What about in the distal tibia?
The conjoined is always ventral to the gastrac and SDF
Lamb et al: US calcanean tendon: The SDF is where compared to the gastracniemus tendon at the level of the mid-tibia? What about the distal tibia?
Mid-tibia: SDF is medial to the gastrocniemus
Distal: SDF is on top or caudal to the gastrocniemus
Lamb et al: US calcanean tendon: is it hard to destinguish between the SDF and gastron on sagittals?
YES. they look the same
Lamb et al: US calcanean tendon: What is the echogenicity difference between the gastroc, conjoined and the SDF?
SDF and gastroc are the same
The conjoined is more hypoechoic.
Tyson et al: CT of Normal feline pituatary; What is the mean width and height of hypophysis of a cat?
- 2 +/- 0.4mm width
- 1 +/- 0.3mm height
Tyson et al: CT of Normal feline pituatary; What is the mean time to enhancement? Range?
Mean: 28 +/-15s
Range (14-50s)
Tyson et al: CT of Normal feline pituatary; What is the mean time to clearance of enhancement?
292 +/- 87s
Tyson et al: CT of Normal feline pituatary; What was the two times of enhancement patterns noted?
Dorsal and peripheral
Central
What is this?
Bipartite distal sesamoid
Bipartite P3
Heng et al: intramural radiolucent band in cats’ stomach; Where is this fat located?
Submucosa
Heng et al: intramural radiolucent band in cats’ stomach; What percentage of cats in this study was there this band seen?
35% - in the fundus and body
Trangerud et al: Bone remodeling in radius and ulna in 54 newfoundland dogs: what percentage of dogs radiographs had these changes?
45.3%
Trangerud et al: Bone remodeling in radius and ulna in 54 newfoundland dogs: What other type of dogs have this been seen in?
Great danes
Trangerud et al: Bone remodeling in radius and ulna in 54 newfoundland dogs: When were these changes most commonly seen?
6 months of age
Trangerud et al: Bone remodeling in radius and ulna in 54 newfoundland dogs: What diseases are differentials and how are they distinguished?
HOD - however, these changes are in the diaphysis as well as the metaphysis with no horizontal lines in the metaphysis and no physeal flaring
Pano - This disease does involve the metaphysis as well. These changes are more distinct as well.
Lamb et al: MRI of dogs with inflammatory CSF: What MRI pattern was most frequent with an inflammatory CSF?
Multifocal/diffuse intracranial lesion that were T2 hyperintense.
Lamb et al: MRI of dogs with inflammatory CSF: What percentage of MRIs were normal with inflammatory CSF?
24%
McConnell et al: MRI of presumed cerebellar CVAs in dogs; What location was the most common location for CVA in this study?
Gray matter of the cerebellar hemispheres or vermis.
McConnell et al: MRI of presumed cerebellar CVAs in dogs; What artery was the most common location for CVA in this study?
Rostral cerebellar artery
McConnell et al: MRI of presumed cerebellar CVAs in dogs; What was the most common characteristics for CVA in this study?
T2 hyperintensity (1 was hypo)
No mass effect
Non-contrast enhancing (some did)
DWI hyperintense ADC hypointense
McConnell et al: MRI of presumed cerebellar CVAs in dogs; What breed was over represented?
CKCS
McConnell et al: MRI of presumed cerebellar CVAs in dogs; What sequences were recommended?
DWI and GRE (hemorrhage)
Grunenfelder et al: MRI spinal cord infarction small breed dogs; What was the charactistic of these lesions?
Same as FCE - focal intramedullary, T2 hyperintensity.
Lori et al: Variation in the lumbar spine of ewe; Is it common to see ewes with 6 lumbar vertebra?
Yes: 50/50 6 vs 7 lumbar vert
Prather et al; CT adds to radiographs in the thorax; does CT add information to thoracic radiographs?
YES… most of the time… with number and location mostly.
Zurob et al: MRI DIP collateral ligament injury horse; What percentage of injury to the distal interphalangeal joint has normal rads?
2/3
Zurob et al: MRI DIP collateral ligament injury horse; What is this structure?
Collateral ligaments of the distal interphalangeal joint
Zurob et al: MRI DIP collateral ligament injury horse; Where does the collateral ligaments of the DIP joint insert on P3?
Just lateral and medial to the extensor process.
Zurob et al: MRI DIP collateral ligament injury horse; What intensity are ligaments?
Hypointense on all sequences.
Hansson et al: VHS of Normal and abnormal dogs: What is the biggest variation in measuring VHS?
Selection of placement of reference points
Tranformation of dimensions to VHS units.
Murray et al: Scintigraphic distal tarsal region in horse with distal tarsal pain; Distal tarsal pain was associated with what?
Loss of the expected pattern of RU
Murray et al: Scintigraphic distal tarsal region in horse with distal tarsal pain; Increased RU in the distal tarsus was noted in what two instances?
Limbs of lame horses
Limbs with radiographic OA
Fischetti et al: Effect of methimazole on uptake of 99mTcO4 in hyperthyroid cats; What is the mechanism of methimazole?
Reversibly blocks organification of iodide AND coupling of iodotyrosines
Fischetti et al: Effect of methimazole on uptake of 99mTcO4 in hyperthyroid cats; Did thyroid scintigraphy significantly change after methimazole treatment in hyperthyroid cats?
No. because TSH suppression is still happening.
T:S Max at 20 min was 0.74— Normal is <1.0
Fischetti et al: Effect of methimazole on uptake of 99mTcO4 in hyperthyroid cats; Why did they treat cats with methimazole 30 days before 131I treatment or surgery?
To see if renal disease was present.
Fischetti et al: Effect of methimazole on uptake of 99mTcO4 in hyperthyroid cats; Is 99mTc04 organified?
No and therefore should not be affected by methimazole treatment… HOWEVER, there was a paper that said that methimazole in normal cats did have increased uptake of 99mTcO4 and 123I. This was done due to increased TSH and thus increased trapping of the radiopharms.
Fischetti et al: Effect of methimazole on uptake of 99mTcO4 in hyperthyroid cats; What is the normal percentage uptake of 99mTcO4 in normal cats?
0.64-0.75%
Fischetti et al: Effect of methimazole on uptake of 99mTcO4 in hyperthyroid cats; Why do they think methimazole will not increase TSH and therefore not increase RU in hyperthyroid cats?
Because hyperthyroid cats have suppressed TSH.. Therefore only prolonged T4 suppression would cause TSH to rise back up again.
Fischetti et al: Effect of methimazole on uptake of 99mTcO4 in hyperthyroid cats; What was the one problem with 99mTcO4 scans and methimazole when discussing unilateral disease?
Sometimes the methimazole causes increase of TSH because of blocking of the T4. This causes the previous suppressed lobe to start uptaking iodine again because it is no longer suppressed.
SO YOU MIGHT HAVE BILATERAL UPTAKE IN UNILATERAL DISEASE. This can cause problems when discussing treatment options.
Benigni et al: FLAIR T2 MRI in dogs and cats; What percentage of animals did this study find pathology on FLAIR and not T2? Visa versa?
3%
Visa versa - no pathology was found on T2 that was not on FLAIR
Benigni et al: FLAIR T2 MRI in dogs and cats; How is a FLAIR signal proceduced?
Long TE = T2W
Inversion pulse that nulls pure water and CSF
Benigni et al: FLAIR T2 MRI in dogs and cats; One disadvantage of FLAIR?
Suseptible to flow artifact.
Nyman et al: CEUS in normal canine liver; Was there a difference between anesthetized patients and non-anesthetized patients?
Yes, but only in TIME TO PEAK ENHANCEMENT.
35s in non-sedated
46 in sedated.
Explained by the use of propfol that increases hepatic arterial flow and reduces systemic arterial presure.
Nyman et al: CEUS in normal canine liver; Sonovue is what type of US contrast agent?
Sulfur hexafluorid microbubbles.
Nyman et al: CEUS in normal canine liver; What were the adverse effects seen in dogs?
None… there are some seen in humans
No changes in the clinical laboratory
Larson et al: Age changes in US of normal feline pancreas: What are the lower and upper limts of width in a cats pancreas - body vs left limb?
Body: 3.5-8.5mm
Left limb: 2.6-9.5mm
Clinically 1cm is normal
Larson et al: Age changes in US of normal feline pancreas: what are the size and echogenicity changes in a cats pancreas as it ages?
None.
Larson et al: Age changes in US of normal feline pancreas: What are the lower and upper limts of width in a cats pancreatic duct? Did the size change with age?
0.65-2.5mm Both body and left limb.
Yes.. weak linear correlation between duct diameter and age.
Abrasmson et al: MRI findings of ischemic myelopathy in dogs: What are the common findings in dogs with suspect ischemic myelopathy?
Focal intramedullary, hyerpintense lesion on T2 representing edema or gliosis
Variable contrast enhancement.
Asymmetrical
Blond et al: Sensitivity and specificity of radiographs in canine elbow incongruence; What causes elbow incongruity in dogs?
Underdeveloped radius
Blond et al: Sensitivity and specificity of radiographs in canine elbow incongruence; Simulating weight bearing elbows significantly increased/decreased the sensistivty of radiographs to find elbow incongruence?
Decreased at both 1mm and 2mm incongruence.
Specificity went up.
Blond et al: Sensitivity and specificity of radiographs in canine elbow incongruence; What ws the sensitivity for radiographic detecting >2mm incongruence at 90º vs flexed 135º?
90 = 100%
135= 80%