Dogs Flashcards
Neoplastic diseases caused by spirocerosis is mainly?
1 = Osteosarcoma
Far less likely are…
Fibrosarcoma
Chondrosarcoma
Which is more contrast enhancing on post contrast CT images in dogs… Non-neoplastic nodules from spirocerosis or neoplastic nodules from spirocerosis?
Non-neoplastic - in all three phases
Opposite of what you think but this might be due to the fact that all these neoplastic diseases are sarcomas which have less angiogensis than carcinomas
Which has a hypoattenuating necrotic center on CT images in dogs… Non-neoplastic nodules from spirocerosis or neoplastic nodules from spirocerosis?
Non-neoplastic
Due to the worm being there.
Which is more likely to have mineralization on CT images in dogs… Non-neoplastic nodules from spirocerosis or neoplastic nodules from spirocerosis?
Neoplastic
Which had more contrast enhancement in the triple phase CT paper in dogs; neoplastic or non-neoplastic nodules from spirocerosis or the esophagus?
The esophagus and non-neoplastic masses had more contrast enhancement than the neoplastic nodules IN ALL THREE PHASES
What breed of dog had the most prevelance for dynamic pharyngeal collapse?
Yorkies
What are the major pharyngeal dilator muscles in the dog?
Sternohyoideus
Genohyoideus
Glenoglosius - pulls tongue cranially
What is the most common clinical sign for dynamic pharyngeal collapse?
Coughing
Pharyngeal collapse may happen more often in brachycephalic dogs… yes or no?
Yes
Does overweight dogs have more likelyhood to have pharyngeal collapse?
Yes
Is pharyngeal collapse likely to be a primary disease process?
No.. A manifestation of airway pathology that increases negative intrathoracic pressure.
Subarticular cleft is a degenerative process of what joint?
sacroiliac
What is the sensitivity and specificity for subarticular cleft and subchondral cysts on CT in the sarcoiliac joint?
100% sensitivity for both
56% - specific for subarticular cleft
22% - specific for subchondral cysts
Are there degenerative changes in the sacroiliac joints of dogs that are similar to that of humans and if so what are they?
Yes Subchondral cysts Erosions Subchondral sclerosis Intra-articular ankylosis Subchondral cleft
Biggest down fall with the paper of CT and gross pathology are comparable methods for detecting some degenerative sarcoiliac joint lesions in dogs?
They used 1 cm cuts of the joint for pathology review and the pathologist only had pictures of each side.
CT was 0.5cm slices with volume averaging.
Multiple myeloma has a predilection for bone marrow of what bones?
Axial skeleton
What percentage of dogs have radiographic evidence of multiple myeloma?
25-75%
What other clincopathologic abnormalities are seen with multiple myeloma?
hypervisosity syndrome
hypercalcemia
renal insufficiency
What is the T2 and T1 intensity for multiple myeloma?
Hyperintense to iso intense on both when compared to the spinal cord.
Why was multiple myeloma lesions noted to be T1 hyperintense?
Hemorrhage within myelomatous lesions
or
Intracellular fat content of the bone marrow increases in humans in early disease - but it did not null on STIR so probably not.
What is a unique imaging finding that may distinguish multiple myeloma from other boney neoplasm?
T1 hyperintensity
What percentage of dogs in the study about MRI features of multiple myeloma had extradural material causing spinal cord compression?
100% all 12/12 dogs.
The “golf tee” sign indicates the lesion is where?
Intradural and extra-medullary
Differentials for intradural - extramedullary masses in the spinal cord?
Peripheral nerve shealth tumor
Meningiomas
Archinoid
An FCE will be predominantly seen in what type of matter in the spinal cord?
Grey matter
Do nerve shealth tumors contrast enhance
Yes… moderate to marked homogeneous enhancement
The length of your TR (turbo factor) is directly related to the what?
Number of images acquired
Number of echoes within one TR
Nephroblastomas are considered what location intramedullary, intradural extramedullary or extradural?
Intradural, extramedullary
They can infiltrate the spine so also intramedullary
At what location due nephroblastomas usually occur?
T10-L2
Nephroblastomas occur in what age dogs?
Young (<3 years)
What breed is predisposed to nephroblastomas?
German shepherds
Types of pituitary neoplasia?
Microadenoma
Macroadenoma
Carcinoma
Who is more accurate in determining intra-axial vs intradural-extramedullary? MRI or myelogram
MRI
Invasion into the cord can cause the myelogram to look like intramedullary when it is not.
Abscene of widening of the subarachnoid space can be seen in some intradural-extramedullary lesions
Is there a sex predilect for spinal arachnoid diverticulum?
Yes - Males
Where do spinal arachnoid diverticulum likely live?
Cervical region - C2-3, C5-C6
TL region - T9-L1
Where are spinal arachnoid diverticulum usually located directionally?
Dorsal
Breed predilect for spinal arachnoid diverticulum?
Pugs
Rotties
Frenchies
What is the most common clinical signs for spinal arachnoid diverticulum?
Ataxia
Hypermetria
Can hyperesthesia be related to spinal arachnoid diverticulum?
Yes; 10-25%
What does HASTE stand for?
Half- fourier Acquisition Single Shot Turbo Spin-Echo
H A S T E
In humans the HASTE is used for what type of imaging?
Abdominal imaging - biliary tract
Besides compression of the CSF column, what else can cause attenuation of the CSF column on HASTE imaging?
High cellular content
Why might spinal arachnoid diverticulum be missed on normal T2 imaging?
CSF and epidural fat look the same.
Where have intracranial arachnoid diverticulum found?
Most common - quadrigeminal cistern
Others include: posterior fossa, fourth ventral
Is syringohydromyelia painful?
35% are, yes.
Can you get periventricular edema with obstructive ventriculomegaly?
Yes
Intracranial fourth ventricular arachnoid diverticulum can cause what?
Obstructive ventriculomegaly and syringohydromyelia
Quadrigeminal cistern diverticulum or cysts can cause?
CN deficits
Seizues
What neoplasms of the brain can be cystic?
Gliomas
Meningiomas
Mets
Spinal cord arachnoid diverticulum are normally how long?
2 vertebral bodies
Multiple subarachnoid diverticulum normal noted in which region of the spine?
Cervical
Classical MRI feature for spinal cord arachnoid diverticulum?
Tear drop shaped
Why does spinal cord arachnoid diverticulum cause hypermetria in dogs?
They are mostly dorsally and the spinocerebellar tracts run dorsally.
Three types of pituitary adenomas when thinking of biologic behavior?
Adenoma
Invasive adenoma
Carcinoma
Can pituitary adenomas invade the ventricles?
Yes - 3rd
How big does a pituitary macroadenoma have to be to be a macroadenoma?
> 10mm in dorsoventral height
Are pituitary macrotumors contrast enhancing?
Yes, marked homogeneously or heterogeneously
What is the pituitary glands dynamic image enchancement characteristics?
52-65 secs the stalk of the gland (pas tuberalis and neurohypophysis lights up)
100-140s there is uniform enhancement
Do you see all pituitary adenomas on imaging?
No…6% in one paper
Who is bigger pituitary adenomas or invasive pituitary adenomas?
Invasive