VRU 2009 Flashcards
Karnik et al: CT fungal rhinitis cats, What is the contrast enhancement of cats with fungal rhinitis?
Peripheral or heterogeneous
Karnik et al: CT fungal rhinitis cats, Maxillary bone lysis and bilateral lysis of the orbital lamina are highly correlated with what group of sinonasal diseases in cats on CT?
Neoplasia
Karnik et al: CT fungal rhinitis cats, Is there overlap between fungal rhinitis in cats and neoplasia on CT findings?
Yes including age, soft tissue mass and osteolysis
Karnik et al: CT fungal rhinitis cats, Is there overlap between fungal rhinitis in cats and non-fungal rhinitis on CT findings?
Yes, predominance of frontal bone lysis
Karnik et al: CT fungal rhinitis cats, what was the most common nasal fungal infection?
Aspergilosis in this population and not crypto.
Cannon et al: CT of bronchial lumen:pulmonary artery diameter in normal dogs, What is the cutoff point for normal B:A ratio in normal dogs?
>2.0 is considered abnormal*** know
Cannon et al: CT of bronchial lumen:pulmonary artery diameter in normal dogs, What was the average of B:A in normal dogs?
1.45 +/- 0.2 with a range of 0.8-2.0 in normals.
Cannon et al: CT of bronchial lumen:pulmonary artery diameter in normal dogs, where was the measurements taken for the cranial lungs vs the caudal lungs?
4th ribs for cranial 11th ribs for caudal
Cannon et al: CT of bronchial lumen:pulmonary artery diameter in normal dogs, how were the right middle and caudal left cranial lung lobes measured that differed from others?
They were measured in longitudinal rather than axial.
Cannon et al: CT of bronchial lumen:pulmonary artery diameter in normal dogs, what are other CT signs for bronchectasis in human med?
Identification of distinct airways within 1cm of the pleural surface
Bronchial wall thickening
Mucus plugging
Peripheral air trapping.
Holloway et al: MRI characteristics of paraspinal infections in cats and dogs, how many of these patients had a positive CSF culture?
None.
Dennison et al: prognostic accurracy of the proventriculus to keel ratio, what is the prognostic accuracy of the proventriculus to keel ratio?
Nothing
Dennison et al: prognostic accurracy of the proventriculus to keel ratio, what is the proventriculus to keel ratio that is associated with clinical proventriculus disease?
>0.52
Karnik et al: CT fungal rhinitis cats, Was it common to have LN enlargement with fungal disease?
Yes… so still doesn’t help you.
DDX.
Nasopharyngeal mass.
Polyp vs fungal vs less likely neoplastic.
This was crypto.
Newitt et al: Can you estimate the amount of pleural fluid in an abdomen on US?
Not exactly.
When is the optimal time to scan the splenic parenchyma after injecting Sonazoid contrast?
7-30min
Dress et al: CT imaging protocol cervical and lumbar spine: What type of slices, pitch and algorithm significantly improved visibility of the intervertebral disc and spinal cord?
Thin slices (1-2mm)
Low pitch (<2)
Medium frequency algorithm.
Dress et al: CT imaging protocol cervical and lumbar spine: What were the only factors that improved the visability of the intervertebral disc and spinal cord?
Slice thickness
Pitch
Algorithm
Dress et al: CT imaging protocol cervical and lumbar spine: What artifact did additional edge enhancement filter introduced in this study?
Double ring artifact.
This is like Uberschwinger but for CT.
Baines et al; radiographic definition of the anticlinal vertebra: What is the most common vertebrae that is the anitclincal vertebra?
T11
Baines et al; radiographic definition of the anticlinal vertebra: What is the difference between small dogs and big dogs when discussing the anticlinal vertebra?
Small dogs are more likely to have T10 as the anticlinal.
Large dogs it is T11.
Mai et al: Renal CE MRA: What are the parameters for looking at the kidneys?
Fast Spoiled GRE 3D sequece
Elliptical centric k-space
Both reduce time.
Gonzalez et al: Caudal foss in CKCS; What factors were associated with neurologic signs in dogs with chiari?
Syringohydromyelia (size of it)
Ratio of caudal fossa/tottal cranial cavity volume
Occipital hypoplasia
Explain the Macklin effect?
It is where an alveoli brusts and spills air into the interstium. This tracks along the vessels and bronchi into the mediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema.
INTERSTITAL EMPHYSEMA - secondary to disease or barotrauma
Kutasi et al: Pulmonary clearance in foals: At what time should the lungs of a foal be clear? What lung fields clear the fastest?
4-6h
Ventral lung fields due to greater flexibility of the thoracic wall.
What is a common disease that cause proventricular enlargement in psittaceans?
Borna virus causing neutrophilic inflammation
What is this?
Rathke’s cyst
Other differentials: Craniophaynioma, hypothalamic hamartoma, arachnoid cyst, pituitary adenoma.
Common clinical sequeala of a Rathke’s cyst?
Dwarfism (think GSD) from hypopituitarism
Hypothalamic regions can cause emotional changes (pressure from the cyst)
What is this?
Paraspinal infection from FB.
Holloway et al: MRI features of paraspinal infections: Why was there commoonly T1W hyperintensity in these infection when T1W hyperintensity is commonly associated with neurogentic atrophy?
T1W hyperintensity in this instance is likely from
Necrosis
hemorrhage
High protein fluid
Holloway et al: MRI features of paraspinal infections: What sequence was best for finding draining tracts?
T1
Fat Sat
Holloway et al: MRI features of paraspinal infections: Which muscle was most commonly affected?
iliopsoas (all were affected)
epaxial (19/23)
Joly et al: CT protocols for detection of pulmonary nodules: What characteristic/setting increase sensitivity and accuracy of CT finding pulmonary nodules?
Smaller slices
NOT Pitch or reconstruction type.
Is contrast enhancement of the trigeminal nerve normal?
YES… one study seen in 42/42 dogs.
What is the most common neurologic cause for dropped jaw in dogs?
Idiopathic trigeminal neuritis.
Need to have enlargement with CE.
Scrivani et al; CSF signal-void sign in dogs: What type of dog was it commonly seen in?
Small breed dogs
Commonly associated with ventricular enlargment and syringomyelia.
Scrivani et al; CSF signal-void sign in dogs: What does the CSF void sign mean physiologically wise?
Fast flow of the CSF.
Scrivani et al; CSF signal-void sign in dogs: CSF flow sign is commonly caused by what artifact? And what type of sequences are likely to produce this artifact?
Time of flight.
Small slices with long TE (more time and less distance to get the fuck out of the picture)
Tamura et al: Histiocytic sarcoma MRI; What diseases does it look like?
Meningioma with dural tails and all
Encephalitis.
ALL CONTRAST ENHANCED.
Bradbury et al: Protstatomealy, prostatic mineralization and cytologic diagnosis: What is the PPV, NPV, Sens, Spec of mineralization in a prostate of a neutered dog?
PPV: 100%!!
NPV: 50%
Sens: 22%
NPV: 96%
Bradbury et al: Protstatomealy, prostatic mineralization and cytologic diagnosis: What is the PPV, NPV, Sens, Spec of mineralization in a prostate of an intact dog?
PPV: 22%
NPV: 96%
Sens: 67%
Specificity: 77%