Vocab and significance Flashcards
impressment
when the British were seizing and capturing American Ships that had British citizens on them; one of the underlying causes of the war of 1812
treaty of ghent
agreement signed in 1814 that ended the war of 1812; all the old boundaries of US and British territories were restored (kept the northern line)
depressions
severe economic downturn marked by a decrease of business activity, widespread unemployment; caused the panic of 1819, people took to much money out of the bank so people were ending up bankrupt
Missouri compromise
1820 Agreement calling for admission of Missouri as a slave state.. and Maine as a free state.. outlawing slavery in future states, 36, 30 latitude; set the future boundaries for slave states, made Maine a state, as the U.S expanded westward the North would be free and the south would be slave states
market revolution
shift from a home based economy to one based on money and the buying and selling of goods; it changed the way that Americans bought and sold good, led to Industrialism
manufacturing
making of goods by machinery; it allowed Americans to mass produce goods and products which boosted the economy
free enterprise system
economic system in which companies compete for profits; rewarded people who could find more efficient ways of running a business, encouraged the creation of new industries, jobs, and wealth
capital
wealth that can be invested to produce goods and make money; helped to start the creation of banks
bank note
piece of paper that a bank issues to its customers that can be exchanged for gold or silver coin; used to pay for goods and services, as a type of currency
population density
the average number of people living within a given area; manufacturing caused increase in North pop. which led to the growth of cities
industrialization
growth of industry; became the staple of the Northern economy.. produced more goods
strike
work stoppage intended to force employers to meet certain demands such as higher wages or better working conditions; encouraged employers to give higher wages and better working conditions
labor union
organization of workers form to protect the interest of its members; ended up working
Turner’s Rebellion
unsuccessful slave revolt led by Nat Turner in 1831; pushed southerners to increase restrictions on their slaves and passed laws restricting slave people from learning to tread
McCulloch v. Maryland
1819 case in which the supreme court ruled that congress has the authority to take actions necessary to fulfill its constitutional duties; established the national bank
Dartmouth College v. Woodward
1819 case in which the supreme court ruled that states could not interfere with contracts; protected business contracts, providing further stability to the economy
Gibbons v. Ogden
1824 case in which the supreme court ruled that states could not regulate commerce on interstate waterways; it gave the federal government authority over all types of interstate business
Monroe Doctrine
declaration by pres. Monroe in 1823 that the US would oppose efforts by any outside power to control a nation in the western hemisphere; to prevent war with the British
patronage
the practice of hiring political supporters for government jobs; became known as the spoil system under Jackson
spoil sytem
system of giving pointed offices as reward as successful party in an election; name for the patronage system under Jackson and his administration
Tarif of 1828
a high tariff on manufactured goods called the tariff of abomination by southerners; encouraged northern manufacturing and benefited the northern economy
secede
to withdraw membership in a group; Divided the north and south and led to the Civil war
Indian Removal Act
1830 law calling for the forced movement of Native Americans to west of the Mississippi river; led to the trail of tears, destroyed relations with the Indians
trail of tears
forced movement of Cherokees in 1838-1839 to land west of the Mississippi; destroyed relations and opened up land in Georgia for farming
transcendentalism
philosophical movement of the mid 1800’s that emphasized spiritual discovery and insight rather than reason; part of the second great awakening and encouraged people to be more self-reliant and moral
temperance movement
an organized campaign to eliminate alcohol consumption; lowered consumption by 50% and
abstinence
refrain from some activity such as drinking alcoholic beverages
segregate
forced separation; made it harder for African Americans to get medication
utopian community
a small society dedicated to perfection in all areas of life; based off of all the bad things that were going on.. resulted in shakers and mormons
abolitionist movement
movement to end slavery; pushed for an end to slavery
emancipation
freeing of enslaved people;
underground railroad
network of escape routes that provided protection and transportation for slaves fleeing north; transported runaway slaves to the north or Canada where they could be free
gag rule
rule passed by the house in 1836 prohibiting anti-slavery petitions from being read or acted upon;
Seneca Falls Convention
first women rights convention in us history help in 1848
suffrage
right to vote; what women were fighting for
Irish Potato Famine
famine in Ireland in the 1840’s that led to a surge in immigration to the U.S; Irish workers took American jobs for lower wages and further over populated northern cities
naturalize
to apply for and be granted American citizenship
Great Plains
vast grassland between the Mississippi river and the Rocky Mts.
middleman
someone who buys items from one source, and sells them to others.;(Mandan Indians & Fur Trade)
nomad
person who continually migrates instead of living permanently in one place.
presidio
spanish fort
secularize
to put under the control of the government rather than the Church.
Santa Fe Trail
trail linking Independence, Missouri, and Santa Fe, NM, in the mid 1800’s
mountain man
an American fur trader who explored the Rocky Mts. and regions further west in the 1800’s
trek
a journey
Oregon Trail
trail linking Independence, Missouri to Oregon.
manifest destiny
argument that the U.S. was destined to expand across North America
annex
join or attach
Mexican War
conflict between the U.S. and Mexico from 1846 - 1848
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
treaty signed in 1848 by the U.S and Mexico ending the Mexican War.
Gadsden Purchase
1853 Purchase by the U.S of Southwestern lands from Mexico
California Gold Rush
Mass migration to California following the discovery of gold in 1848.
boom town
town that has experienced rapid growth
ghost town
town that has been abandoned due to lack of economic activity
