chapter 3 Test Flashcards
mercantilism
a theory that a country should try to keep as much bullion, or gold and silver, as possible
balance of trade
the difference in value between imports and exports
duty
tax
salutary neglect
British colony policy during the 1700’s; the stuff where they had to trade all that fun stuff with England
staple crop
crops that are in constant demand
triangular trade
trade between three points of the Americas, Europe and Africa
immigrant
people who enter a new country to settle
great awakening
revival of religious feeling
itinerant
traveling
dissent
difference of opinion
almanac
book containing information such as calendars, weather predictions, proverbs, and advice
indigo
a type of plant used in making a blue dye for cloth
self-sufficient
able to make everything needed to maintain itself
middle passage
one leg of the triangular trade between the Americas, Europe, and Africa; also used for the transport of slaves
mutiny
revolt
gentry
wealthy people who set themselves apart by their clothing
artisans
at early age boys form most families became apprentices/ when they did this they would work for another person in exchange for learning a trade
printers
gathered and circulated local news and information/ had to be cautious with what stories to report/ one of the most famous printers was Benjamin Franklin (he wrote the Poor Richard’s almanac
farmers + fishermen
farm sizes varied from large cash crops in the southern colonies to small subsistence farms in the New England and Middle colonies / New england farmers had a reputation for being tough, thrifty, and conservative/ fishing quickly became a main industry and promoted growth in the related industry of shipbuilding
indentured servant
agreed to work for a master for a set amount of time, up to seven years/ masters had to pay for travel costs in exchange for the work/ masters had total authority/ those who served out of their time were granted their freedom and in some cases a piece of land
women
were under control of their husband/ women had a lot of household duties; cooking, gardening, washing, cleaning, weaving cloth and sewing/ it was legal to hit women
what was the british governments policy towards the colonies after the rule of King James II?
they became a self government. This meant, there were governors appointed by the king. These governors had a great amount of power, being able to call all of the meetings, veto laws, and could appoint local officials
causes of salutary neglect
civil war
lacked money and resources to enforce/
England benefitted because the colonies provided them with raw materials and England gave them manufactured goods
what were the effects of those causes of the salutary neglect
colonies became somewhat independent/
caused trade with other colonies like britain/
developed their own self governments
what was the great awakening
the great awakening was an indirect challenge to the hierarchical social order of the British Colonies because the people of the middle or even bottom of the society thought that they could act on their own faith, not depending on any authority. This led them to think that some people are better than others, a thought that would eventually have revolutionary consequences
increase in population of colonial expansion
birth rate increased/ death rate increased/ immigrants increased/ people began to feel crowded in their colonies
increase in territory of colonial expansion
based on the increase in population; fathers tried to provide their sons with some land of their own, there was not enough land to go around to do all this/ because of the lack of land it made it more difficult for American men to secure their independence by owning private property/ colonies could not flourish
native american and french of colonial expansion
native americans were also moving west; forced the indians to relocate into other lands/ because of the migration the french set defenders to strengthen different settlements; this caused conflicts
what would happen if countries used the theory of mercantilism
they would have a balance of trade
what needed to happen for a country to successfully execute mercantilism
export more good than they imported
when were the navigation acts
1660
what were the only three crops that could be traded with england
sugar
tobacco
cotton
what would have to happen if they wanted to sell anything to people in other parts of the world or if it was a different good
If they wanted to sell anything to people in other parts of the world they had to sail their ships into England and from there pay a tax on everything/
They had to sail in English ships
which region was the most diverse
middle colonies
why were … diverse
they could farm
commerce
new england
trade was very important/
had farms but didn’t make along of money
middle colonies
farming
trade
southern colonies
staple crops
agricultural
N.C and marlyand crops
tobacco
S.C crops
rice
Georgia crops
rice and eventually cotton
what was the major ethnicity in all of the colonies
England by far; almost 50%
what was something that caused all the emerging tensions
all the ethnicities
french moving west:
had a conflict with the english/ was not only about the land but the fur trade as well; wanted complete control of it
native Americans moving westward
also had a conflict, with the english, had good relaiotnship with the french/ the english would move the native americans off their land
where is new france located
along the st. lawrence river
what is the capital of new france
quebec
what did they settle along rivers for
food
trade
defense
fertile soil for farming
what were the two ways the salves were packed
tightly and loosely packed
which was could fit more slaves
tightly
tightly packed
laid down side by side with another slave and chained during the entire voyage
loosely packed
sitting side by side or back to back , chained, with another slave
what was the death rate of the slaves on the ships
50%
where were most of the slaves that come over from
west africa
how did they come over
were kindapped
bought and sent over; point is none came over willingly
diaspora
scattering or africans
where did most africans land
brazil
where did the least amount of slaves land
north america
how were slaves bought in america
auctioned off to the highest bidder
after being bought what would the slaves have to go through
put through a “seasoning” process
what language did the slaves speak and what were their names
they learned a european language, were named a european land (usually the last name of its owner)
who had already brought some slaves to south and latin america
portuguese and spanish
when did the first slaves come over to america and where
1619 in jamestown by the Dutch
when did the first slaves come to rhode island and where
1696 in Newport
why not enslave the native population
were highly likely to catch european diseases; were not used to the germs that they had; did not have a strong immune system for it/
they were familiar with the terrain and could escape easier/
they had political allies that could fight against the owners
who made up the southern colonies
virginia, maryland, south Carolina, north carolina and Georgia
who made up the middle colonies
maryland, New York, Delaware, Philadelphia
who made up the New England colonies
Boston, salem, and newport, Rhode Island
