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vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

fat soluble vitamins

A

A, D, E, K; toxicity more common that water-soluble b/c accumulate in fat

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2
Q

causes of fat soluble deficiencies

A

CF, sprue

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3
Q

B1

A

thiamine: TPP

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4
Q

B2

A

riboflavin: FAD, FMN

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5
Q

B3

A

niacin: NAD+

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6
Q

B5

A

pantothenic acid; CoA

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7
Q

B6

A

pyridoxine: PLP

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8
Q

B7

A

biotin

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9
Q

B9

A

folate

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10
Q

B12

A

cobalamin

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11
Q

C

A

ascorbic acid

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12
Q

B12 storage?

A

liver for 3-4 years

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13
Q

B9 storage?

A

liver for 3-4 mo.

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14
Q

symptoms of B-complex deficiencies

A

dermatitis, glossitis, diarrhea

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15
Q

A deficiency

A

night blindness (nyctalopia); dry, scaly skin (xerosis cutis); corneal degenerations (keratomalacia)

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16
Q

acute A toxicity

A

nausea, vomiting, vertigo, blurred vision

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17
Q

A teratogenic?

A

yes - Isotretinoin is derivative - will cause cleft palate and cardiac abnormalities

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18
Q

B1 (thiamine –> thiamine pyrophosphate/TTP) cofactor in what?

A

pyruvate dehydrogenase (links glycolysis to TCA), a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (TCA), transketolase (HMP shunt), branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase

19
Q

how do you make B1 deficiency diagnosis?

A

look at RBC transketolase activity, will increase following vitamin B1 administration

20
Q

two diseases caused by B1 deficiency?

A

Wernicke-Korsakoff and Beri Beri

21
Q

Dry beriberi

A

polyneuritis, symmetrical muscle wasting

22
Q

wet beri beri

A

high-output cardiac failure (dilated cardiomyopathy), edema

23
Q

when is B2 a cofactor?

A

redox reactions (succinate dehydrogenase in TCA cycle)

24
Q

B2 deficiency?

A

cheilosis (inflammation of lips, scaling and fissures at the corners of the mouth)

25
Q

What is B3 derived from?

A

Tryptophan, synthesis requires B2 and B6

26
Q

what is B3 used to treat?

A

dyslipidemia, lowers VLDL and increases HDL

27
Q

which vitamin is an essential component of CoA?

A

B5 - pantothenic acid

28
Q

what is the B6 cofactor?

A

pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)

29
Q

what is PLP cofactor used in?

A

transamination, decarboxylation reactions, glycogen phosphorylase, synthesis of cystathione, heme, niacin, histamine, and neurotransmitters including serotonin, epinephrine, NE, DA and GABA

30
Q

B5 deficiency

A

convulsions, hyperirritability, peripheral neuropathy, sideroblastic anemias

31
Q

B7 cofactor for what reactions?

A

carboxylations enzymes: pyruvate carboxylase (pyruvate to oxaloacetate), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (acetyl-coA to malonyl-coA), propionyl-coA carboxylase (propionyl-coA to methylmalonyl CoA)

32
Q

function of B9/folate?

A

converted to tetrahydrofolic acid (THF), co-enzyme for 1-carbon transfer/methylation reactions; important for synthesis of DNA and RNA

33
Q

where is folate absorbed?

A

jejunum

34
Q

which drugs can cause B9/folate deficiency?

A

phenytoin, sulfonamid, methotrexate

35
Q

B9 and B12 deficiency-induced anemias

A

macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia

36
Q

B12 function

A

cofactor for methionine synthase (transfers CH3 groups) and methylmalonyl CoA mutase

37
Q

causes of B12 deficiency?

A

malabsorption (sprue, enteritis, diphyllobothrium latum), lack of intrinsic factor (pernicious anemia, gastric bypass), absence of terminal ileum (surgical resection, eg in chron disease), or insufficient intake (veganism)

38
Q

scurvy sx

A

swollen gums, bruising, petechiae, hemarthorisis, anemia, poor wound healing, perifollicular and subperiosteal hemorrhages, corkscrew hair, weakened immune system

39
Q

D function

A

increase intestinal absorption of Ca and PO4; regulated bone mineralization/resorption (when high, bone resorption)

40
Q

should breastfed infants receive oral D?

A

YES, because K and D are not in milk

41
Q

can E enhance anticoagulant effects of warfarin?

A

YES

42
Q

K is necessary for which clotting factors?

A

II, VII, XI, X

43
Q

what is a K antagonist?

A

warfarin

neuro (34 decks)

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