RNA negative Flashcards
orthomyxovirus
enveloped, negative sense RNA, replicate in nucleus
what’s different b/w - and + sense RNA
all - must bring own RNA polymerase so can convert to + strand for subsequent protein translation
all RNA - viruses replicate in cytoplasm except which one?
orthomyxovirus
what are some important orthomyxoviruses?
influenza (A, B, C)
What are the 4 segmented viruses?
BOAR: bunyavirus, orthomyxo, arenavirus, reovirus
Difference between antigenic shift and drift?
antigenic drifts = point mutations that cause epidemics (seasonal flu)
antigenic shifts = segment reassortment that cause pandemics (H1N1 flu)
what is a common complication of influenza?
pneumonia - s. aureus
Why not give a kid with viral illness aspirin?
Reye’s syndrome! Encephalitis and liver failure
Is influenza associated with ascending paralysis Guillan Barre?
YES
paramyxovirus
single-stranded negative sense RNA virus
paramyxovirus
single-stranded, negative sense, enveloped RNA virus
measles, mumps, respiratory synctial virus, parainfluenza virus
whats another name for measles?
rubeola
are rubeola, roseola, and rubella all different things?
YES
what are the early prodromal symptoms of measles?
Cough, Coryza, Conjunctiva, Koplik spots (buccal mucosa)
what is coryza?
drippy nose due to inflammation of upper airway
how does rubeola rash look?
starts at face and moves downwards
major complication of measles?
pneumonia, subacute sclerosing pan encephalitis (SSPE)
measles virulence factors ?
hemagluttinin (HA) and fusion protein
mumps locations?
parotid glands, testis, meninges
what is a cause of uni-lateral orchitis?
mumps in the testes!
mumps virulence factors?
hemagluttanin, fusion protein, neuraminidase?
RSV is the most common cause of what?
pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants
RSV virulence factors?
fusion protein
what causes seal bark cough/inspiratory stridor/croup?
parainfluenza virus
characteristic XR finding on croup?
steeple sign with narrowing of sub-glottic region
what’s another name for croup?
laryngotracheobronchitis
parainfluenza virus virulence factors?
HA, FP, NA
What RNA virus is the ONLY double stranded RNA virus?
reovirus
describe rhabdovirus
negative sense single stranded enveloped RNA virus
patient recently been in caves?
rhabdovirus! bats main carrier
where does rhabdovirus go?
binds nicotinic acetylcholin receptors of postsynaptic membrane of motor endplate
sx of rhabdovirus?
fever, rabies encephalitis, foaming at mouth
what’s a classic finding of rhabdo on histo?
negri bodies in neurons - eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions in purkinje cells and also pyramidal cells of hippocampus
filovirus
negative sense, single-stranded, enveloped helical RNA virus
name some filo-viruses
marburg, ebola
What is unique about bunyavirus’s envelope?
obtains it from golgi apparatus of the host
what does the B in the BOAR acronym for segmented viruses stand for?
Bunyavirus
How does hantavirus kill?
pulmonary edema, pre-renal azotemia, hemorrhagic fever
What are some bunyaviruses?
hanta virus and arborviruses (california encephalitis, rift valley fever)
which virus has ambisense?
arenavirus – both positive and negative sense
which 3 viruses have helical shapes?
rhabdvirus, arenavirus, filovirus
what is the A in the BOAR mneumonic?
arenavirus
lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
in arenavirus family, febrile aseptic meningoencephalitis, fever
What is the R in BOAR?
riovirus, most-segmented 11
What’s the most important rotavirus?
rotavirus - toxin mediated secretory diarhhea
What’s the toxin in rotavirus?
NSP4, activates Cl channel
what’s the #1 cause of sever diarrhea in children?
rotavirus
Is riovirus double stranded?
YES
What does the vaccine for riovirus increase risk of?
intussusception
