carcinogenic agents

Question 1

aflatoxins

Answer 1

HCC; comes from Aspergillosis

Question 2

alkylating agents

Answer 2

Leukemia/lymphoma; SE of chemo

Question 3

alcohol

Answer 3

Squamous cell carcinoma of oropharynx and upper esophagus, and HCC

Question 4

arsenic

Answer 4

Squamous cell carcinoma of skin, lung CA, and angiosarcoma of liver; present in cigarette smoke

Question 5

asbestos

Answer 5

Lung carcinoma and mesothelioma; CA > meso

Question 6

cigarette smoke

Answer 6

Carcinoma of oropharynx, esophagus, lung, kidney, bladder, and pancreas; polycyclic hydrocarbons are particularly carcinogenic

Question 7

nitrosamines

Answer 7

Stomach carcinoma; found in smoked foods, responsible for high incidence in Japan

Question 8

napthylamine

Answer 8

Urothelial carcinoma of bladder; derived from cigarette smoke

Question 9

vinyl chloride

Answer 9

Angiosarcoma of liver; occupational exposure, used to make PVC for use in pipes

Question 10

nickel, chromium, beryllium, or silica

Answer 10

Lung carcinoma; occupational exposure

Question 11

EBC

Answer 11

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Burkitt lymphoma, and CNS lymphoma in AIDS

Question 12

HHV8

Answer 12

Kaposi sarcoma

Question 13

HBV and HCV

Answer 13

HCC

Question 14

HTLV1

Answer 14

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma

Question 15

High risk HPV (16, 18, 31, 33)

Answer 15

Squamous cell carcinoma of vulva, vagina, anus, and cervix; adenocarcinoma of cervix

Question 16

Ionizing radiation (nuclear reactor accidents and radiotherapy)

Answer 16

AML, CML, and papillary carcinoma of the thyroid; generate hydroxyl free radicals

Question 17

Nonionizing radiation (UVB sunlight is most common source)

Answer 17

Basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma of skin; results in formation of pyrimidine dimers in DNA, which are normally excised by restriction endonuclease