GI

Question 1

arsenic OD tx

Answer 1

dimercaprol, succimer

Question 2

how does arsenic lead to bodily damage?

Answer 2

binds sulfhydryl group of pyruvate dehydrogenase, impairing cellular respiration

Question 3

CaNa2EDTA

Answer 3

lead poisoning tx

Question 4

Deferoxamine

Answer 4

iron overdoses/overload

Question 5

hydroxycobalamin (B12 precursor)

Answer 5

tx of cyanide poisoning; upon binding forms cyanocobalamin which can be easily excreted

Question 6

gray or blue-colored skin, SOB, chocolate-colored blood

Answer 6

methemoglobinemia; tx = methylene blue - artifical electron transporter for reduction of methemoglobin through NADPH pathway

Question 7

bilious vomiting and abdominal distension within first 1-2 days of life

Answer 7

intestinal atresia

Question 8

jejunal and ileal atresia

Answer 8

dirsuption of mesenteric vessels, ischemic necrosis and segmental resorption

Question 9

failure of neural crest cells to migrate into the distal colonic wall = no submucosal and myoenteric plexi

Answer 9

Hirschsprung disease

Question 10

failure of tracheoesophageal septum to partition in 4-5th weeks of gestation

Answer 10

TE fistula; struggle with first feeding and air in stomach on CXR

Question 11

exocrine of pancrease

Answer 11

bicarb (neutralize gastric acid), amylase (breakdown of starch), lipase (breakdown lipids), trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen

Question 12

activates zymogens

Answer 12

enteropeptidases in duodenom

Question 13

duodenal S cells

Answer 13

produce secretin which stimulates pancreatic bicarb secretion

Question 14

G cells

Answer 14

produce gastrin which stimulates parietal cells to release acid

Question 15

D cells

Answer 15

produce somatostatin which functions to shut off most secretions

Question 16

what is a somatostatin analog?

Answer 16

octreotide - used in acromegaly, carcinoid syndrome, variceal bleeding

Question 17

3 endocrine cells of pancreas

Answer 17

alpha (glucagon), beta (insulin), D (somatostatin)

Question 18

failed obliteratino of omphalomesenteric duct (connect midgut lumen to yolk sac)

Answer 18

vitelline fistula (complete failure) or a meckel diverticulu (partial failure)

Question 19

infantile cataracts

Answer 19

galactokinase deficiency

Question 20

ascending colon CA sx

Answer 20

iron deficiency anemia due to occult blood loss, weight loss

Question 21

descending colon CA sx

Answer 21

partial obstruction (descending is a narrower caliber than ascending) leading to change in bowel habits, colicky pain, hematochezia

Question 22

zollinger ellison syndrome

Answer 22

a cause of duodenal ulcers, after H pylori; gastrinoma secreting tumor; small intestine or pancreas; beyond duodenal bulb