HY - anatomy + embyrology Flashcards
polyhydraminos + elevated AFP
anencephaly - cannot swallow amniotic fluid due to brain damage
holoprosencephaly
no midline separation of hemispheres + cyclopia and cleft lip/palate + fetal alcohol syndrome
error in neuronal migration leading to smooth brain
lissencepahly
tonsilar herniation + aqueductal stenosis + hydrocephaly
Chiari II malformation
large posterior fossa + absent cerebellar vermis + enlargement 4th ventricle
Dandy-Walker Syndrome
loss of pain + temperature in upper extremities and preserved touch
syringomyelia; spinothalamic tract lost first
failure of spinal canal closure at week 4
neural tube defect due to folate deficiency or teratogen (valproic acid)
elevated AFP + elevated AFP and acetylcholinesterase in CSF
NT defect
cerebrospinal fluid-filled meningeal tissue that has herniated through vertebral defect + intact movements in baby
meningocele
1st cleft
external auditory meatus
remnant 2-4 clefts
persistent cervical sinus on lateral neck
1st pouch
middle ear, eustachian tube, mastoid air cells
2nd pouch
epithelium of palatine tonsil
3rd pouch
inferior parathyroids , thymus
4th pouch
superior parathyroids
from which pouch is inferior parathyroid derived from?
3rd
midline cyst that moves with swallowing
thyroglossal duct cyst due to failed migration of thyroid from tongue down neck
mandibular hypoplasia + fascial abnormalities (cleft lip etc)
first pharyngeal arch
maxillary artery from where?
1st aortic arch
stapedial artery from where?
2nd aortic arch
carotid arteries from where?
3rd aortic arch
right subclavian + some aortic arch from where?
4th aortic arch
proximal pulmonary arteries from where?
6th aortic arch
patient comes in with carotid bruits. embryonic origin of this structure?
third aortic arch
patient has giant cell arteritis with jaw claudication. what is the embryonic origin of this structure?
first aortic arch
structures of foregut
pharynx to duodenum; blood suplly by celiac artery
structures of midgut
duodenum to transverse colon; blood supply is SMA
structures of hindgut
transverse colon to rectum; blood supply is IMA
what is embryonic origin and blood supply of the stomach?
foregut and celiac artery