MB 2 Flashcards
which nerve can be damaged during thyroid surgery?
recurrent laryngeal, causing hoarseness
excessive vitamin A in first trimester of pregnancy
microcephaly, cardiac anomalies, fetal death
bilateral numbness, tingling, and diminished reflexes, usually in the distal lower extremities
diabetic neuropathy
recurrent, severe, and unilateral pain localized around the eye, conjunctival injection, lacrimation, rhinorrhea, and transient Horner syndrome.
cluster headaches
diplopia improves when looking at distant objects and worsens when looking at objects up close, which is due to impaired convergence of the eyes
CN III palsy
bacterial meningitis in adults
strep pneumo, neisseria meningitides
which microbe can synthesize dextrans from sucrose?
strep viridans; it aids them in colonizing surfaces like dental enamel and heart valves
S bovis is associated with which CA?
colon CA
what parts of the hand does the median nerve innervate?
first 3 digits and radial half of the fourth
AAT deficiency
alpha-1-antitrypsin; panacinar emphysema and chronic liver disease
During continuous infusion of a drug metabolized by first-order kinetics, how long does it take to reach the steady state concentration?
4-5 half-lives
concaine intoxication
mydriasis, tachycardia, hypertension
enrichment media
provide what is necessary for growth; X and V required from haemophylis
NADPH oxidase deficiency
chronic granulomatous disease
opioid intoxication
depressed mental status, decreased respiratory rate, miosis, bradycardia, hypotension
differential media
select based on metabolic and biochemical properties - mackonkey and eosin methylene blue (EMB)
two tumors that cause bitemporal hemianopsia
craniopharyngioma and pituitary adenoma
niacin deficiency
3Ds of pellagra: dementia, dermatitis, diarrhea
what structures can be disrupted to cause horner syndrome?
lateral hypothalamus, hypothalamospinal tract, paravertebral sympathetic chain/stellate ganglion (pancoast tumor), or internal carotid artery (carotid dissection)
muscle weakness, and cramping, usually beginning in distal lower extremities
hypokalemia
cystic fibrosis in a man
azoospermia, congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens, recurrent pneumonia, digital clubbing
how does the fascial nerve travel?
out of skull through stylomastoid foramen and courses through substance of parotid gland, there it divides into its 5 branches
Kartagener syndrome
AR impairment of ciliary function and structure; failure of dynein arms to form; frequent URI, situs inversus, infertility in men and women
all minerals and vitamins are provided in breast milk except
vitamin D and K
fatigue, anorexia, vomiting, nausea, constipation, increased urination, dehydration
hypercalcemia
C1 complement deficiency
increased susceptibility to encapsulated bacteria and developing systemic lupus erythematous
fever, vomiting, stiff neck, headache
meningitis
hyper-IgM syndrome
B cells produce high amounts of IgM but are unable to class switch antibodies due to impairment of immunoglobulin rearrangement
pure motor or sensory deficits, rarely mixed
lacunar infarct
meningitis in an immunocompromised patient
cryptococcus neoformans
how diagnose major depressive disorder?
> 2 wks of >5 of these symptoms: depressed mood, loss of interest, sleep disturbance, appetite disturbance, loss of energy, psychomotor agitation or retardation, impaired concentration, guilt, suicidal thoughts
