inflammation mediators

Question 1

CD14

Answer 1

co-receptor for TLR4; recognizes LPS on gram - bacteria

Question 2

PGE2

Answer 2

vasodilation, vascular permeability, pain and fever

Question 3

LTB4

Answer 3

produced from AA by 5-lipoxygenase; attracts and activates neutrophils

Question 4

LTC4, LTD4, LTE4

Answer 4

vasoconstriction, bronchospasm, vascular permeability

Question 5

Activation of mast cells

Answer 5

tissue trauma, C3a+C5a, cross-linking of cell surface IgE by Ag

Question 6

Delayed mast cell response

Answer 6

Leukotrienes

Question 7

Hageman factor (Factor XII)

Answer 7

pro-inflammatory protein made in liver; activates 1) complement 2) coagulation and fibrinolytic systems 3) kinin system

Question 8

Mediation of pain in inflammation

Answer 8

bradykinin and PGE2

Question 9

Mediation of fever in inflammation

Answer 9

IL-1 and TNF, PGE2 raises temperature set point

Question 10

P-selectin

Answer 10

speed bump of endothelial cell to mediate neutrophil extravasion; produced by Weibel Palade bodies

Question 11

TNF and IL-1

Answer 11

promote E selectin and ICAM +VCAM expression; promote fever through production of PGE2

Question 12

Neutrophil attractants

Answer 12

bacterial products, IL-8, C5a, LTB4

Question 13

Nitroblue tetrazolium test

Answer 13

see if oxygen-mediated killing is intact; blue if NADPH is there; - in NADPH deficiency of CGD

Question 14

IL-10 and TGF-b

Answer 14

anti-inflammatory cytokines

Question 15

Macrophages secrete what to promote continued acute inflammation

Answer 15

IL-8 to recruit neutrophils

Question 16

CD28

Answer 16

co-receptor on CD4 that is bound by B7 of APC to provide 2nd activation signal; CD4 cells then able to secret cytokines that help inflammation

Question 17

IFN gamma

Answer 17

secreted by TH1; activates macrophages, promote B cell switch to IgG, promotes TH1 and inhibits Th2 phenotype

Question 18

IL-4

Answer 18

secreted by Th2; facilitates B class switch to IgE; IL-13 is similar

Question 19

IL-5

Answer 19

secreted by Th2; eosinophil chemotaxis and activation, class switch to IgA

Question 20

FasL

Answer 20

activates apoptosis

Question 21

IL-12

Answer 21

secreted by macrophages; induces CD4 differentiation into TH1

Question 22

IFN-gamma in granulomas

Answer 22

converts macrophages to epithelioid histiocytes and giant cells

Question 23

ADA deficiency

Answer 23

build-up of toxic adenosine; toxic to lymphocytes; cause of SCID

Question 24

C1 inhibitor deficiency

Answer 24

hereditary angioedema

Question 25

CD40L

Answer 25

on helper T cells, binds CD40 on B cells; provides second signal for B-cell activation; mutated = hyper IgM syndrome

Question 26

C5-C9 deficiency

Answer 26

increased risk of Neisseria infection