HT -MSK + endocrine Flashcards
pannus + HLADR4
RA
PIP + DIP
degenerative joint disease
IgM Ab against Fc portion of IgG
Rheumatoid factor - marker of disease activity in RA
secondary amyloidosis is a complication of what joint disease?
RA
uveitis + aortitis (aortic regurgitation) + HLAB27 + sacroiliac joint
ankylosing spondylitis
if patient presents with inflammatory disorder or skin and muscle (proximal muscle weakness + eyelid rash and malar rash), what must you consider?
this describes dermatomyositis; underlying carcinoma, especially gastric
what two diseases can have malar rash?
dermatomyositis + SLE
positive ANA and anti-jo ab
dermatomyositis
perimesial inflammation (outer part of bundle)
dermatomyositis
why are mutations of dystrophin often spontaneous?
super large protein
becker vs ducheen dystrophy?
becker is mutation only with milder sx; duchenne is complete deletion
autoantibodies against post-synaptic ACh receptor at NMJ
myasthenia gravis; responds to ACh esterase inhibitors as it increase chance of acetylcholine outcompeting the antibody effects
diplopia + worsens with use + thymic hyperplasia
myasthenia gravis
eaton lambert
antibody against calcium channel with impaired release of ACh; paraneoplastic syndrome often with small cell carcinoma
muscle weakness that improves with use
eaton lambert
desmin +, vagina of young girls
rhabdomyosarcoma; from rhabdomyolblasts
lack of GH suppression by oral glucose
GH adenoma
used for tx of gigantism and acromegaly; blocks response of AP to GHRH
octreotide; somatostatin analogue
bitemporal hemianopsia likely cause?
prolactinoma
sheehan syndrome
AP doubles in size, highly susceptible to ischemia during pregnancy with blood less
ADH analog
desmopressin
symptoms of DI but no response to desmopressin
nephrogenic DI, often due to Lithium toxicity
ADH produced by this malignancy
small cell carcinoma
tx of SIADH with small cell carcinoma
free water restriction + demeclocycline
rx that can cause SIADH
cyclophosphamide
anterior neck mass that moves with swallowing
thyroglossal duct cyst
tissue at base of tongue
lingual thyroid
how does hyperthyroidism increase BMR?
increase synthesis of Na/K/ATPase
how does hyperthyroidism increase sympathetic nervous system response?
increased expression of B adrenergic receptors
IgG autoantibody that stimulates TSH receptor triggering release of thyroid hormone
graves hyperthyroidism
diffuse goiter + hyperthyroidism + exopthalmos + pretibial myxedema
graves hyperthyroidism
cretinism
hypothyroidism in neonates and children
mental retardation + skeletal abnormalities + short stature + coarse facial features + enlarged tongue + umbilical hernia
cretinism - either due to mom hypothyroidism or hypothyroid agenesis or deficiency of myeloperoxidase or iodine
HLA DR5
Hashimotos Thyroiditis
chronic inflammation with germinal centers
hashimotos thyroiditis
tender thyroid
subacute thyroiditis
thyroid lesion that involves local structures in a young patient
reidel fibrosing thyroiditis
person with thyroid cancer who has history of extensive radiatino
papillary carcinoma
follicular adenoma vs follicular carcinoma
both follicles within capsule but carcinoma invades through capsule; cannot tell difference with FNA
which carcinomas like to spread through the blood?
follicular carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, HCC, choriocarcinoma
localized amyloidosis + high calcitonin + hypocalcemia
medullary carcinoma, malignant proliferation of parafollicular c cells (where calcitonin is made)
malignant cells in an amyloid stroma
medullary carcinoma of the thyroid
anaplastic tumor
producing cells that don’t resemble normal histology of that structure
anaplastic carcinoma of thyroid
thyroid tumor involving local structures with associated sx, elderly, biopsy shows very malignant poorly differentiated cells
