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RNA viruses Flashcards

1
Q

picorno virus family

A

+ sense RNA, naked, utilization of RNA polymerase,

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2
Q

transmission of picorno?

A

fecal-oral

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3
Q

members of picorno virus?

A

hepatitis A, enteroviruses (coxzakie A&B, polioviruses, echoviruses), rhinoviruses

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4
Q

what is the main cause of aseptic meningitits?

A

enteroviruses

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5
Q

how does CSF look for viral meningitis?

A

glucose normal, aseptic/without bacteria, protein elevated

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6
Q

is polio acid stable?

A

YES

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7
Q

where does polio virus replicates? how long?

A

enter GI, replication in peyer’s patches and tonsils, 2-3 weeks

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8
Q

what is the polio virus target?

A

anterior horn of spinal cord, LMN

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9
Q

what are the two vaccines of polio?

A

salk = killed vaccine, sabin = live, attenuated

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10
Q

Which immune responses do the salk and sabin vaccines elicit?

A

Salk = IgG, Sabin = IgG and IgA

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11
Q

Coxzakie A virus?

A

hand, food, and mouth disease - red vesicular rash

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12
Q

What microbes cause rashes on the hands and feet?

A

coxzakie A, syphilis, rickettsia rickettsi

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13
Q

Coxzakie B virus?

A

dilated cardiomyopathy, devils grip/bornholm’s disease/pleurodynia

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14
Q

what is unique about rhinovirus transmission?

A

unlike other picoviruses, rhinovirus is acid labile and thus cannot be transmitted through GI tract. instead, respiratory, fomites - attach to ICAM1 of host cells

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15
Q

what are two acid labile bacteria?

A

salmonella and cholera

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16
Q

where does rhinovirus affect?

A

upper respiratory, lives in colder temps?

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17
Q

calicivirus

A

produces one long polyprotein that is cleaved into bits by viral protease

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18
Q

where do all + RNA viruses replicate?

A

cytoplasm

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19
Q

what is most common clinical cailicirus?

A

norovirus

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20
Q

who gets norovirus?

A

day care centers, schools, cruises, shellfish eaters

21
Q

flavivirus

A

positive sense enveloped RNA virus

22
Q

kinds of flavivirus?

A

dengue/breakbone fever, hep C, yellow fever, west nile virus

23
Q

dengue fever

A

thrombocytopenia, renal failure, septic shock

24
Q

yellow fever

A

jaundice, backache, blood diarrhea and vomiting

25
Q

yellow fever symptoms?

A

encephalitis, meningitis, flaccid paralysis, seizures, coma

26
Q

hep c transmission?

A

blood (blood transfusion < 80s, IV drugs, tattoos), prison, placenta, sex, breast feeding

27
Q

what do LFTs look like in hepatitis infection?

A

rise and then fall by 6 mo

28
Q

I say cryoglobulins, you say?

A

Hep C - serum proteins that contain IgM and can precipitate in cooler temperatures

29
Q

Hep C tx?

A

1) Ribavirin and Interferon alpha 2) sofusbivir, protease inhibitor

30
Q

How does Hep C so beautifully evade our immune system?

A

lack 3-5 exonuclease activity in RNA polymerase so envelope continually undergoes antigenic variation

31
Q

how does hep C differ from hep B in regards to length of infection?

A

Hep C commonly goes onto be chronic, whereas hep B is often acute

32
Q

arbovirus

A

arthropods - western, eastern, and venezuelan encephalitis; no treatment

33
Q

3 types of rubella?

A

congenital rubella, childhood, adulthood

34
Q

classic triad of congenital rubella?

A

congenital cataracts, sensory-neural deafness, patent ductus arteriosus

35
Q

describe MMR vaccine?

A

live attenuated, avoid in pregnant and immunocompromised (HIV must have CD4>200)

36
Q

whats the buzzword for rubella?

A

unvaccinated/foreigner

37
Q

general symptoms of rubella?

A

descending rash starting on face, posterior and occipital lyphadenopathy, fever, arthralgias

38
Q

list viruses that can cause the common cold

A

coronavirus, rhinovirus

39
Q

what acute condition can coronavirus lead to?

A

acute bronchitis and acute respiratory distress syndrome

40
Q

what are HIVs main protein??

A

pol (reverse transcriptome) , gag = p24 (capsule for RNA strands), env = gp41 and 120

41
Q

function of env?

A

gp41 = transmembrane protein, gp 120 = surface protein

42
Q

what two cells does HIV target?

A

CD4 T cells and macrophages

43
Q

what differentiates HIV from AIDS?

A

CD4 count < 200

44
Q

what are some HIV associated diseases?

A

diffuse large B cell lymphoma, karposi sarcomi, oral hairy leukoplakia

45
Q

what surface receptors must HIV bind in order to gain access to cells?

A

CXCR4, CCR5

46
Q

how to test for HIV?

A

Elisa, if + follow with western blot, use PCR to measure viral load

47
Q

how do you test HIV neonates?

A

HIV RNA and DNA amplification tests

48
Q

which receptor is used by HIV to infect cells in early phase?

A

CCR5

49
Q

what categories of drugs are used in HIV tx?

A

NRTIs (integrate and hault elongation), NNRTIs (inhibits RT in other ways), protease inhibitors (cleave proteins vital for RT), Maraviroc (CCR5 inhibitor)

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