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neuro > neuro quick memo > Flashcards

neuro quick memo Flashcards

1
Q

acute treatment of migraines?

A

NSAIDS, triptans, dihydroergotamine

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2
Q

3 things adenovirus cause?

A

Tonsillitis, hemorrhagic cystitis, viral conjunctivitis

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3
Q

Distinguish rash of measles, parvo and roseola?

A

roseola is post fever and spares face, measles is with fever and on face, parvo is on face

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4
Q

where does EBV lay latent?

A

B cells

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5
Q

Tx for cluster HA

A

acutely - sumatriptan, O2

prophylaxis - verapamil

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6
Q

prophylactic treatment of migraines?

A

b-blockers (propanolol), Ca-channel blockers (verapamil), anti-epileptic drugs (topiramate, valproate), and tri-cyclic antidepressants (amitryptaline)

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7
Q

congenital rubella and CMV present with what rash?

A

blueberry muffin -

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8
Q

What type of virus is polyoma?

A

naked, round, double-stranded DNA

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9
Q

Describe the classic appearance of CMV on histo?

A

Owl Eyes

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10
Q

name two brain tumors with elevated GFAP

A

Pilocytic Astrocytoma and GBM - both tumors of astrocytes

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11
Q

How does HPV work?

A

disrupts regulation of cell cycle with proteins E6 and E7 which promote proteolysis of p53 and Rb, respectively

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12
Q

Tell me about HPV 6, 11

A

Laryngeo papillomatosis (tumors develop in airway), acquired in birth; ano-genital warts “condyloma accuminata”, sexual transmission

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13
Q

how do you differentiate esophagitis due to CMV vs herpes?

A

CMV = singular, deep; HSV= multiple and shallow

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14
Q

what does HPV look like?

A

naked double stranded DNA virus

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15
Q

describe molluscum contagiosum

A

flesh-colored, dome-shaped, umbilicate lesions

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16
Q

What can EBV cause in HIV patients?

A

Oral hairy leukoplakia

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17
Q

Tell me about HPV 1-4

A

verruca vulgaris = general warts through physical contact

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18
Q

Tell me about HPV 16, 18, and 31, 33 (add 15 to previous pair)

A

anogenital CA (anal, vulvar, vaginal, penile, cervix)

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19
Q

VZV in kids?

A

chicken pox - vesicular lesion with surrounding erythema (like HSV) in different stages

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20
Q

HIV patients at risk of CMV when?

A

CD4 <50

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21
Q

Person comes in with post-coital bleeding, what are you concerned about?

A

cervical CA due to HPV 16, 18

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22
Q

What type of B cell lymphoma can HHV8 cause?

A

primary effusion lymphoma

23
Q

What type of cells are bad on a pap smear?

A

Koliocytes - squamous cells w/morphological changes due to HPV “blue sunny side up eggs”

24
Q

populations susceptible to HHV8?

A

AIDS/immunocompromised, elderly russian men, endemic in africa

25
Q

What two viruses can cause hemorrhagic cystitis?

A

Adenovirus (young boys, go to swimming pools) and BK polyoma virus (transplant patients)

26
Q

which two viruses can lead to intracranial calcifications in a baby?

A

CMV and toxoplasmosis

27
Q

types of pox infections?

A

smallpox, cowpox, molluscum contagiosum

28
Q

how do you differentiate herpes vs smallpox rash?

A

smallpox all at same stage, whereas herpes will have some vesicles and some blisters

29
Q

is CMV the most common fetal viral infection and cause of sensorineural hearing loss in infants?

A

YES

30
Q

Roseola vs measles

A

measles = fever and rash at same time, rash on face

31
Q

Which disease is associated with condyloma lata?

A

Syphilis

32
Q

What may PML look like on MRI?

A

MS b/c multifocal demyelinating

33
Q

what do they look like and where are the lesions of kaposi sarcoma?

A

violet due to angiogenesis - (dysregulation of VEGF); nose, extremities, mucous membranes (GI tract, gingiva, hard pallet)

34
Q

which two viruses are multi-nucleate gian cells on tzanck smear?

A

HSV and VZV

35
Q

whats on DDx for Kaposi Sarcoma?

A

bacillary angiomatosis (neutrophilic infiltrate rather than lymphocytic, b/c bacteria)

36
Q

Who is likely to get adenovirus?

A

droplet and fecal-oral spread: kids, military recruits, public-pool users

37
Q

EBV associated with what 3 types of CA?

A

HL (reed steinbergy owl eyes), Burkitt Lymphoma, nasophayngeal carcinoma (asian ancestry)

38
Q

What does monospot look for?

A

agglutination of ab in presence of sheep or horse red blood cells

39
Q

What causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML-demyelinating disease of CNS)

A

JC virus, affects those with CD4 <200

40
Q

What is the most common infection in adenoids and tonsils?

A

Adenovirus

41
Q

Which virus in the herpes family causes Kaposi Sarcoma?

A

HHV8

42
Q

Where can CMV hide latent?

A

B and T lymphocytes and macrophages

43
Q

EBV vs CMV mono-nucleosis?

A

Monospot!

44
Q

EBV incites what type of response?

A

CD8 T cells, can see downey cells on histo

45
Q

how do you describe the parvovirus rash?

A

slapped-cheek rash

46
Q

Other names for parvo?

A

Fifths disease, slapped-cheek fever, erythema infectiosum

47
Q

how can HHV6 (roseola) cause immunosuppression?

A

Infecting CD4 cells, killing them off and thereby weakening immune system

48
Q

Roseola - when does rash start and what does it look like?

A

Once fever goes down after 4 days, and diffuse body sparing the face

49
Q

Tx for CMV

A

Ganciclovir, then Foscarnet

50
Q

list the DNA viruses

A

HSV1&2, EBV, VZV, adenovirus, parvovirus, HHV8, HPV, poxvirus, polyomavirus, HHV6/roseola virus, EBV, CMV, Hepatitis B

51
Q

where does VZV remain latent?

A

dorsal root ganglia

52
Q

What’s unique about pox virus?

A

makes own envelopes, completely replicates in cytoplasm b/c has own DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, Guarnerni bodies (inclusion bodies in cytoplasm, site of viral replication), dumbbell shaped core, largest known DNA virus

53
Q

Which viruses does guardasil vaccinate against?

A

6, 11, 16, 18

neuro (34 decks)

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